UBUHINZI BW’ AMASHU ATUKURA
Amashu atukura, (Brassica oleracea cyangwa B. oleracea ubwoko capitata F. rubra), ni ubwoko bw’ amashu y’ umweru kandi bugakomoka ku moko atatu atandukanye y’ amashu ari mu muryango Brassica. Amashu ni igihingwa cy’ uruboga rw’ ingenzi cyakomotse mu bice bya mediterane. Imitwe y’amashu ni isoko ikomeye ya za vitamini n’ imyunyu ngugu, ikanaba isoko y’ amafaranga ku bahinzi bafite ubuso buto mucyaro no mu nkengero z' imijyi. Amashu atukura abamo ibinyabutabire byitwa antosiyanine (anthocyanin) ari nabyo bitera ibara riri hagati yo kuva ku mutuku n’ irisa n’ icunga rihishije kugera ku bururu na move mu mbuto nyinshi n’ imboga. Inyigo zakorewe ku bantu zagaragajeko kurya ibiribwa birimo antosiyanine n’ ibindi binyabutabire bigaragaza amabara bifite aho bihurira no kugira ibyago bike byo kurwara indwara z’ umutima. Amoko yose y’ amashu (ay’ umutuku, ay’ icyatsi cyangwa se ay’ ibara ryerurutse) agira vitamin C nyinshi kandi akagira Kalori nke. ½ cy’ igikombe kiba kirimo 45% by’ ingano yose ya vitamini C umubiri ukenera ku munsi, ariko gifite 14% gusa bya Kalori. Amashu kandi ni isoko nziza ya fibure n’ izindi vitamini n’ imyunyungugu, cyane cyane vitamini A na Potasiyumu. Akenshi abikwa muri vinegere, agakoreshwa muri za salade zisanzwe akazongerera ubwiza. Mu Rwanda, amashu ahingwa hagamijwe cyane cyane isoko ry’ imbere mu gihugu. Intara y’ amajyaruguru iri ku mwanya wa mbere mu kweza amashu menshi cyane, igakurikirwa n’ intara y’ iburengerazuba, intara y’ amajyepfo, intara y’ iburasirazuba, hagaheruka umujyi wa Kigali
Urugero rw’ amashu atukura mumurima mbere y’ uko asarurwa.
https://plantinstructions.com/vegetables/growing-red-cabbage/
1. Amoko y’ amashu atukura
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Ubwoko |
Ibiburanga |
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Ubwami butukura Isoko: https://bit.ly/39GNv4n |
“Amashu y’ Ubwami butukura (4-5kg/ ishu, 45-46t/ Ari) abereye isoko ryaba iry’ agisarurwa cyangwa iry' ayo gutunganya mu nganda. Imitwe yiburungushuye iba iringaniye kugeza ku minini ikagira ibara ry’ imbereryiza cyane.Igihingwa kigira uruti runini kandi imitwe iba ifashe neza. |
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Urutare runini rutukura isoko: https://bit.ly/2wZ7yh2
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Ubu ni ubwoko bw' ishu ryera imitwe ipima 1.2-2kg ifite ibara ry’ umutuku wijimye, ikomeye kandi ikaryoha haba kuriteka nk' imboga, kurikaranga mu mavuta cyangwa kurikoresha muri salade. Rikungahaye ku ntungamubiri. Ryerera iminsi 90. |
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Umupira w’ umutuku wijimye
isokohttps://www.harrisseeds.com/products/12317
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Ni ubwoko bw' amashu y' indobanure, yera vuba, akagira ibara ry’ umutuku wijimye inyuma n’ ibara ryiza ry’ umutuku imbere. Imitwe iraburungushuye, ipima 1.3-1.8 kg, yera ku bihingwa bihagaze byemye kandi ikagira intima ziringaniye. Iki gihingwa gikomeye kihanganira guhinga gicucitswe kandi cyera imitwe y’ ubwiza buhebuje iba ifunze neza igihe cyo kwera. |
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Ari (Are) itukura
https://www.amazon.com/300-RED-Acre-Cabbage-Seeds/dp/B07F7JK8DW
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Ari itukura: Yera vuba, ikera imitwe y’ ibara ritukura rijya gusa na move. Buri mutwe w’ ishu ukura kugeza ku murambararo wa cm 17.78 ugapima hafi kg 1.3. Ahangana n' indwara itera amashu guhinduka umuhondo. Abikika kurusha hafi amoko yose y’ amashu yera vuba. Ni meza cyane ariwe uko yagasaruwe cyangwa agakoreshwa muri salade. |
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: Amashu, iroza ritukura F1
Isokohttp://www.condorseed.com/vegetables/cabbage/cabbage-red-rose-f1/ |
Ni ubwoko bw' ishu ritukura ry' ikimanyi bwera mu gihe kiringaniye. Ishu ry' iroza ritukura ni ubwoko bwera neza, bwera imitwe ikomeye yenda gusa n’ iyiburungushuye ho gato; abereye neza koherezwa kure kandi akanabikika.Gusarura bitangira ku minsi 70 kugeza kuri75 nyuma yo guterwa mu murima. Ahangana neza no guturika imburagihe k’ umutwe w’ ishu |
2. Ibisabwa bijyanye n’ aho wayahinga
- Ubutaka: Amashu atukura akura mu moko menshi y’ ubutaka kuva ku mucanga woroheje kugera ku ibumba riremereye. Ubutaka burimo imborera nyinshi nibwo bwera neza kurusha ubundi.Shyiramo ishwagara kare mu gutegura ubutaka niba ubusharire bw’ ubutaka buri munsi ya 6.0. Wishyiramo ishwagara nyinshi, ibihingwa bikazabura umunyungugu wa Manganeze kandi ukenewe. Kuhira neza ni ngombwa kandi ahagwa imvura nyinshi, ibihingwa bihingwa mu mitabo izamuye ngo hongerwe inzira z’ amazi, kandi muri icyo gihembwe cy’ ihinga, iyo ukora mu murima, gumishaho iyo mitabo izamuye ibihe byose. Amashu atukura ashobora kwera ku moko atandukanye y’ubutaka ariko yera neza ku butaka bwuhiye neza, bufata amazi, bw’ inombe kandi bwahawe imborera ihagije. Ubusharire bwiza bw’ ubutaka buva kuri 5.5 kugera kuri 6.5 kandi ntibugomba kumanuka munsi ya 4.5. Mu butaka bufite ubusharire buri hejuru ya 6.5, ibibabi birijima, impera z' ikibabi ziruma zigapfa. Ibihingwa biri mu butaka bw’ umunyu nabyo biba bifite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara y’ ''ukuguru kwirabura''.
- Imvura: Ikirere gikonje gihehereye nicyo cyeramo imitwe y’ ubwoko bwiza. Bityo, amashu atukura ashobora kwera mu birere bitandukanye kandi yisanisha n’ ibice byinshi bihingwamo muri Africa y’ iburasirazuba. Amashu asaba amazi kuva kuri mm 380 kugera kuri mm 500 ku gihingwa bitewe n' ikirere n' igihe gikenewe kugirango ribe ryeze. Gukoresha amazi bigenda byiyongera uko igihingwa gikura, amazi menshi cyane akenerwa mu mpera z' igihe cy' ihinga.
- Ubushyuhe: Amashu atukura yera neza aho ikirere gisa n’ igikonje kandi gihehereye. Amababi aba afite agace kayafatisha ku ruti kagaragara cyane kandi ubwiza bw’ umutwe bukangirika mu kirere cyumutse. Uburyohe nabwo buratakara iyo bimeze bityo. Ubushyuhe bukenewe ngo rikure ni ukuva kuri 18oC kugera kuri 20oC. Yihanganira urubura kandi ashobora kubaho mu bukonje bwa -3oC atangiritse
- Ubutumburuke: Amashu atukura ashobora kwera ku butumburuke hafi m800-2000 hejuru y’ ikigero cy’ inyanja mu gice cya Africa y’ iburasirazuba. Amashu atukura ashobora kwera mu birere bitandukanye, bityo ashobora kwera mu bihe byose by’ umwaka mu bice byinshi.
3. Ingemwe no gukora ubuhumbikiro
Amashu atukura ahingwa hifashishijwe imbuto, zibibwa mu mutabo w’ ubuhumbikiro nyuma zikagemurwa nyuma y’ ibyumweru 3-4. Gutera imbuto zitavuye mu buhumbikiro nyuma ukaza kwicira ntabwo bitanga umusaruro mwiza mu karere u Rwanda ruherereyemo.
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Ingemwe z’ amashu atukura mu buhumbikiro Isoko: https://www.gatewaygardener.com/vegetable-gardening/successfully-growing-brassicas |
Ingano y’ imbuto: 300-500g/ha bitewe n’ ubushobozi zifite bwo kumera.Mbere yo kugemura, uhira imitabo y’ ubuhumbikiro bihagije amasaha 3-4 mbere kugirango ugabanye kwangirika mu gihe cyo guterura ingemwe. Ibyiza, kuramo ingemwe rumwe rumwe, ntukurure kuko ibi byakangiza imizi igaburira igihingwa. Ingemwe zigemurirwa mu mitabo itandukanyijwe na cm60-75 na cm 45-60 hagati mu mitabo. Umwanya wagutse (cm75x 60) ikunze gukoreshwa mu moko yera atinze (ageza ku miinsi 130) naho umwanya muto (cm60x 45) ku moko yera vuba (kugeza ku minsi 55). Ingano y’umutwe ishobora kugenwa n’ ubucucike bw’ ibihingwa.
4. Ibisabwa mu gutubura no kwemeza imbuto
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Ishusho 1 Imbuto z’ amashu atukura https://www.banglabazaar.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/5-2.jpg
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Imbuto z' amashu atukura zishobora kuboneka nyuma y' ibihembwe bibiri amashu ari mu murima.Mu gihembwe cya mbere, imitwe irera maze mu gihembwe gikurikiyeho, imbuto zikaboneka. Inzira ebyiri nizo zikoreshwa.
- Inzira yo gukorera mu murima - mu gukora imbuto ikwirakwizwa mu baturage (Inzira y’ imbuto ku mbuto).
- Inzira yo kugemura - mu ikorwa ry’ imbuto iherwaho mu gutubura (inzira y’ imitwe ku mbuto)
Imicungire ikomatanyije y’ uburumbuke bw’ ubutaka
Amashu atukura ni igihingwa gikenera intungagihingwa nyinshi kandi akenera gufumbirwa mu buryo bw’ ifumbire y’ imborera, Azote, Fosifore, na Potasiyumu. Gahunda z’ amafumbire zikwiriye kuba zishingiye ku isuzuma ry’ ubutaka kandi bigakorwa kuri buri murima. Amashu akenera kg 200 kugeza kuri 250 za azote kuri hegitari. Azote itangwa mu buryo butandukanyijwe, aho 50% kugera kuri 60% inyanyagizwa igahingirwaho mbere yo gushyiramo ibihingwa. Ishyirwamo bwa mbere ishyiranwamo na Fosifore na Potasiyumu. Isigaye ishyirwa ku ruhande rw’ igihingwa mu byumweru bibiri kugera kuri bitatu nyuma yo kugemurwa na nyuma y’ ibyumweru bitatu nyuma yaho cyangwa se igashyirirwamo icyarimwe ku byumweru bitandatu. Niba hari bukoreshwe uruvange rw’ amafumbire, kg1500 za 2:3:2 (22) na kg 100 za Potasiyumu kuri hegitari byanyanyagizwa mbere yo kubiba. Ibiro 300 bya LAN bigomba gushyirwaho basa n’ abayirambika hejuru hafi y’ igihingwa mu byumweru bine nyuma yo kugemura n’ ibyumweru 4 nyuma yaho niba bikenewe.
Amashu atukura kandi akeneye intungagihingwa zikenerwa ku kigero gito kugirango akure. Iki gihingwa gikenera kalisiyumu kandi ibura ry’ uyu munyu rishobora kubaho ku butaka bushaririye, ubutaka bufite Potasiyumu nyinshi cyangwa ubutaka bwumye cyane. Gutera Calcium nitrate ku bibabi byafasha mu guha igihingwa Umunyu wa Manyeziyumu nawo ushobora kubura mu butaka bushaririye, ubutaka buseseka cyane cyangwa ubutaka bufite Potasiyumu nyinshi. Gutera kg5 za Manyeziyumu kuri hegitari byakemura ikibazo.
Amashu akunze kuzahazwa n’ ibura rya Molibidenumu. Ibihingwa bigomba guterwa g125 za Sodiyumu- cyangwa Amoniyumu Molibidate muri litiro 500 z’ amazi kuri hegitari, ibimenyetso by’ ibura rya Molibdenumu bigitangira kugaragara. Molibdenumu ishobora kongerwa hashyirwamo ishwagara ihagije mbere yo gutera. Ubutare bushobora kongerwamo haterwa ku mababi 1% rya ''iron sulphate'' (FeSO4) cyangwa shelate. Ibura ry’ ubutare rikunze kubaho mu butaka bufite ubusharire burenze 7 cyangwa ubutaka bw’ ingwa. Ibura rya Manganeze ryiganza ku butaka bufite ubusharire burenze 5.5. Abahinzi bagirwa inama yo gutera ku mababi kg 5 kuri hegitari bya Sulfate ya Manganeze cyangwa kg 2 kuri 3 kuri hegitari bya oxide ya Manganeze ibimenyetso bigitangira kugaragara. Amashu ashobora kubura Boroni mu bice bigira imvura nyinshi. Ibiro bitatu bya Solubor birahagije mu guhangana n’ ibura rya Boron.
Ubuhinzi bwisubira
Ubuhinzi bwisubira ni uburyo bw’ ubuhinzi bugamije kuvugurura no guha imbaraga urunyurane rw’ ibinyabuzima rw’ umurima. Bushyira imbaraga mu buzima bw’ ubutaka bukanitaku micungire y’ amazi, imikoreshereze y’ ifumbire n’ ibindi.Ni uburyo bw’ imihingire “buvugurura umutungo kamere bukoresha, aho kuwangiza cyangwa kuwumara.
Amashu atukura, kimwe n’ izindi mboga z’ amababi, ni igihingwa kirya cyane kandi gikunda ubutaka burimo imborera nyinshi.Hashingiwe ku byavuye mu isuzuma ry’ ubutaka, tegura imborera ihagije uzakoresha. Mu gukora ifumbire y’ imborera, ibyo uyikoramo bikenera gutwikirwa ngo hirindwe ko intungagihingwa zatwarwa n’ amazi. Abahinzi bagirwa inama yo gukoresha toni 5-8 kuri Ari. Gusasira bikorwa ku mashu asanzwe bishobora no gukorwa mu mirima y’ amashu atukura.
Isoko https://www.almanac.com/plant/cabbage
Gutegura umurima
Ubutaka bugomba kuba bukeye bwarimwe ibyumweru umunani mbere yo gutera kandi bukaba burimye byimbitse, mbere yo gutera hakoreshejwe imashini ifite inziga zirima cyangwa ikindi gikoresho ku bujyakuzimu bwa mm 450 kuri 600.Ubutaka bukwiye guterwa imyotsi niba ari ngombwa ibyumweru bibiri mbere yo gutera kugirango harwanywe utunyorogoto twangiza ibihingwa.
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Umurima wateguwe ugiye guterwamo amashu: Photo by Monsanto |
Ingemwe z' amashu atukura:
https://www.growveg.com/guides/growing-cabbages-from-sowing-to-harvest/
Ifumbire yo gukuza igihingwa
Igihingwa kigomba guhabwa ifumbire ya CAN mu byiciro 2 kugirango hirindwe ko intungagihingwa zatwarwa n’ amazi kimwe n’ uko zatakara kubera umunyu mwinshi mu butaka. Icyiciro cya mbere gishyirwaho ku ngano ya g10 ku gihingwa (kg 100/Ari) ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo kugemurwa. Icyiciro cya kabiri gishyirwaho ku kigero cya g20 ku gihingwa (kg 200/Ari) imitwe igitangira kwikora. Kuyishyira ku gihingwa bwite nibyo byiza kurusha kuyinyanyagiza kuko niyo nzira itanga umusaruro mwiza kandi ikarinda gusesagura.
Rima winjiza ifumbiire mu butaka. Ushobora kongera ifumbire mu murima mbere yo kugemura ingemwe z’ amashu. Hitamo ifumbire y’ utubumbe iringaniye neza kandi uyiminjagire ku butaka ushaka guhingaho amashu. Ifumbire ya 10-10-10 cyangwa 12-12-12 ikora neza. Iyi mibare itatu iba iri mu ruhande rw’ umufuka w’ ifumbire ikakubwira ingano ya azote, Potasiyumu na Fosifate biri muri iyo fumbire. Amafumbire menshi y’ utubumbe ashyirwaho ku kigero cy’ ama pawundi 1 ½ kuri metero kare 9.92 z’ umurima. Genzura ibyanditse ku mufuka w’ ifumbire ukurikize amabwiriza y’ uwayikoze ku bijyanye n’ ingano iterwa.
Ingemwe zimaze kugira cm15.24 z’ uburebure, ushobora kuzifumbiza ifumbire iringaniye neza ivangwa n’ amazi.Yivange gusa n’ amazi ukurikije amabwiriza y’ uwayikoze, maze uyitere uyizengurutsa amashu yawe. Kuri iki cyiciro, ni byiza kwirinda ifumbire y’ utubumbe kuko yatwika amashu igihe yagira aho ikoraniraho nayo. Imitwe y’ amashu itangiye kwikora, igipimo cya kabiri cy’ ifumbire ivangwa n’ amazi cyakongerwaho. Ibi biha ibihingwa imbaraga zo gukora imitwe minini imeze neza.
Amashu akenera intungagihingwa cyane; anyunyuza vuba intungagihingwa mu butaka.Tegura ubutaka mbere y’ igihe uvangamo ifumbire yaboze. Ubutaka bugomba kuba butwara amazi neza kuko amazi areka yatera imitwe kwisatura cyangwa kubora. Gemura ingemwe hanze mu gicamunsi kirimo igitumbiko.Tera ingemwe zitandukanyijwe na cm30 kugera kuri 60 bitewe n’ ingano y’ imitwe wifuza. Uko uzegeranya niko imitwe iba mito.
a) Kuhira
Amashu agomba kuhirwa ako kanya nyuma yo kubiba cyangwa kugemura. Bityo, kuhira bigomba gukorwa mu ntera y’ iminsi 10 kugera kuri 12 mu butaka buremereye cyangwa iminsi umunani mu butaka bworoshye kandi iyo gahunda igakurikizwa kugeza imitwe yarakuzeneza ikomeye.Ibihingwa bito bigomba kubona amazi menshi kugirango ibice byabyo bikure mbere yo kwikora kw’ imitwe.Ubuhehere bukabije imitwe yaramaze kwikora bushobora kuyitera kwisatura.
b)Kurwanya ibyatsi bibi
Ibyatsi bibi birwanywa hifashishijwe imashini cyangwa intoki kimwe n’ uko hakoreshwa imiti yemewe yica ibyatsi bibi. Guhinga n’ imashini bigomba gukorwa mu gutegura ubutaka kugeza igihingwa kigeze hagati mu gukura. Umurima ugomba guhingwa ibyumweru bibiri kugera kuri bitatu nyuma yo kugemura.
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Indwara |
Ibimenyetso |
Kuyirwanya |
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Ububore bw’ umukara (xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Ububore bw’ umukara ni imwe mu ndwara zikomeye z’ amashu mu gihe cy’ imvura n’ ikime byinshi n’ ubushyuhe buri hejuru.
Isoko https://www. eorganic.org/
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Ibizinga by’ umuhondo, ikigina cyangwa umukara bisa n’ inyuguti ya v ku mpera z’ ikibabi.Iyo imaze gufata indi ntera, umutwe uhinduka umukara ufite umunuko mubi ukomeye.Ururendaruterwa na za bagiteri rugaragara ku buso bw’ imyanya irwaye.
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Ukubora korohereye guterwa na bagiteri (Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora)
Iyi ndwara ishobora gusangwa mu murima, ariko ikomera cyane mu buhunikiro. Iyo iri mu murima, ihera ku mababi akora ku butaka.
Isokohttps://www.infonet-biovision.org/
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-Umutwe wafashe uba ufite amazi menshi kandi akenshi uba waboze wose. - Imyanya yafashwe iroroha ikamera nk’ agahumyo kandi ahanini ibara ryayo rigahinduka umukara. - Amababi acikaguritse.
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-Randura ibihingwa bishaje ubikoremo ifumbire y’ imborera. -Kuvanga n’ ibitunguru, tungurusumu, igihingwa cy’ igitagangurirwa coriandre mu rwego rwo kureshya abanzi kamere b’ indwara. - Irinde N ikabije. - Tera mu mutabo wateguwe neza urumbuka kugirango wongerere urugemwe imbaraga.
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Ubuhunduguru (Aphid) bw’ amashu (Brevicoryne brassicae) Amoko menshi y' uduhunduguru yangiza amashu muri Afrika y’ iburasirazuba. Utu dusimba dufite uburyo bwinshi bwo kwiyoberanya
Isoko |
- Kwihinahina kw’ amababi uduhunduguru dutera igitwikirizo gisa n’ ibishashara by’ icyatsi kijya gusa n’ ivu
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- Rinda umurima ibyatsi bibi n’ ibindi indwara yakihishamo. - Cunga umurima ku buryo ukurura abanzi kamere b’ indwara nk' ibivumvuri n' izindi nigwahabiri ziguruka - Uhira amazi aturuka hejuru kugirango utwo dusimba tugwe hasi tuve ku mababi. - Mu micungire ikoresha ibinyabutabire, tera imiti yica udukoko nka Simikombe, Roket, n’ indi. |
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Inyo z'ishu
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-Iyo ruturaze, urunyo rucukura inzira rugana mu mizi. - Inyo zirya imizi y’amashu Ibihingwa biruma bikipfundika iyo urunyo ruri kubirya cyane |
Ibivumvuri byo mu butaka ni umuhigi w’ ingenzi w’ izi nyo. -Hasi ahazengurutse ishu ritukura hagomba gusasirwa. -Randura ibihingwa byangiritse ubukungutire kure y’ umurima. |
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Milidiyu
Isoko https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/vegetable/watermelon/foliar-diseases/powdery-mildew/ |
-Ibimenyetso biyiranga ni ukugaragara kw’ ibizinga by’ inzobe byenda kuba ikigina mu buso bwo hasi bw’ ikibabi. - Ubuso bwo hejuru bw' ikibabi hagaragara amabara y' ikigina yenda kuba umuhondo. - Gufatwa byongerera imitwe ibyago byo kubora korohereye. |
-Gukuraho ibice by’ ibihingwa birwaye nyuma yo gusarura. - Gutera ditane cyangwa umuti wica uduhumyo wo kubirinda ushingiye ku muringa mu ntera y’iminsi 15 indwara ikimara kugaragara. |
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Isazi y’ umweru (Aleyrodes proletella)
Isokohttps://www.infonet-biovision.org/PlantHealth/Crops/CabbageKale-Brassicas
Urunyo rufite umugongo wa Diyama (DBM) (plutella xylostella) Iki ni icyonnyi cy’ ingenzi cy’ amoko yose ya brassica.
https://www.infonet-biovision.org/PlantHealth/Crops/CabbageKale-Brassicas |
- Isazi y’ umweru irya amashu n’ ibihingwa byo mu muryango wa brassica. - Isazi y’ umweru ikuze iba ifite mm 1 y’ uburebure.
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Abanzi kamere nka laybird beetles, intozi ziyahiga na lacewings.Gukoresha neza amafumbire kubera ko ikoreshwa ryo hejuru ry’ ifumbire ya Nitrogen ryorohereza gukura kw’ iki cyonnyi.
- Kurwanya DBM mu mirima mito, twikira ingemwe n’ ibitwikirizo by’ imirongo (akayungiro koroshye ka nilo) mu kwirinda ko amasazi yatera amagi ku mababi cyangwa hafi y’ igihingwa. Koresha amavuta arimo imyunyu ngugu, ibikomoka ku giti cya nimu cyangwa utereho amazi avanze n’ isabuni y’ amazi. -Guterana amashu n’ ibihingwa byirukana iki cyonnyi nk' inyanya byagaragaye ko bigabanya ugufatwa na BDM mu mashu.Iyo uterana n’ inyanya, amashu aterwa iminsi 30 nyuma y’ inyanya. - Ukubirwanya kwifashisha ibinyabuzima ukoresheje ibivumvuri birya icyonnyi bya Diadegma semiclausum byagaragaye ko bigira umusaruro ushimishije. - Ibikomoka ku bihingwa nk’ imiti yica udukoko ikomoka ku giti cya nimu bitanga umusaruro mu kurwanya BDM. - Kurwanya ukoresheje ibinyabutabire: ibinyabutabire bishingiye kuri siperimetirine nka DUDU-CYPER na ROKET (kuri ml 1/L1 y’ amazi byatanga umusaruro. |
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Ikinyabwoya gifite umugongo usa na Diyama gikuze byuzuye kiba gifite cm1 y’ uburebure. Inyo ntoya zirya amababi, zisiga agahu gato katangiritse.Ugukura kw’ ingemwe ntoya kurahagarara, zigacukura imyobo mu mababi. |
a)Ibigaragaza ko rigeze igihe cyo gusarurwa
Amashu atukura aba ageze igihe cyo gusarurwa iyo ari manini bihagije kandi afite rya bara rya move ryijimye. Asarurwa iyo imitwe igeze ku ngano yuzuye yayo igakomera ariko yorohereye. Hari ubwo ibara ry’ umutwe rifatwa nk’ ikiranga ubukure. Umutwe ukuze bihagije uba ufite akabara k’ icyatsi karushijeho kwereruka. Ishu ryo kubikwa mu bikombe risarurwa iyo amababi y’ inyuma yihinnye agana inyuma amababi y’ umweru ayari munsi akagaragara. Iyo gusarura gutinze, imitwe yakwisatura mu gihe imitwe isaruwe hakiri kare iba yorohereye. Ibi bizatuma igihingwa kizana imitwe mishya. Yivaneho kugeza hasigaye imitwe 3 cyangwa 4 gusa. Nyuma yo gusarura, kuraho imizi yose mu kwirinda indwara zaturuka mu butaka.
b)Uburyo bwo gusarura
Umusaruro uhita ujyanwa ku isoko usarurwa n’ icyuma, agasizo cyangwa ukarandura ishu mu butaka witonze. Amashu yo kubika no/cyangwa gutunganya asarurirwa rimwe hakoreshejwe imashini. Imitwe igomba gukatwa mu buryo butuma make mu mababi manini, afungutse apfunyika ishu asigaraho akarinda imitwe. Bizatwara hafi iminsi 70 kuva ku gutera kugera ku gusarura. Kugirango ugire imisaruro ibiri, ca umutwe w’ ishu ku gihingwa, usige amababi y’ inyuma n’ imizi mu butaka. Gusarura bigomba gukorwa hirindwa gukomeretsa imitwe kuko ibi bituma ataba ashimishije. Niba umusaruro uzabikwa, ibice binini by’ uruti bigomba gusigara ku mutwe.
c)Ukwita ku musaruro nyuma yo gusarura
Umusaruro wasaruwe ugomba buri gihe gukurwa ku zuba ukajyanwa ahantu hatwikiriwe upakirirwa vuba bishoboka. Amashu n’ ibindi bihingwa by’ amababi byibasirwa cyane no kuma ndetse n’ukundi kwangirika kose kuva ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo harimo ugutinda kurengeje isaha cyangwa abiri hagati yo gusarura no gupakira, gushyira mu mazi cyangwa kuyateraho byafasha kurinda kuma cyangwa gushyuha cyane.
i)kurobanura no gushyira mu byiciro: Amababi yose yakomeretse agomba kuvanwaho mu gihe cyo gusarura amashu atukura mu kubungabunga ubwiza.
ii)Gupakira: Amashu atukura apakirwa mu duhago twa mushipiri cyangwa imifuka ikozwe mu migwegwe kandi ageze ku isoko agurishwa hakurwamo rimwe rimwe.
- Ububiko: Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo kubika amashu yose ni 0oC n’ ubuhehere bwa 90% kugera kuri 95%. Amashu yo kubikwa agomba kuba akuze kandi atarwaye kandi ntagomba kuba yarahuye n’ urubura cyangwa ubukonje igihe kirekire. Kurigabanyaho amababi bishobora gukenerwa, cyane cyane mu gukuraho ikibuno cyataye ibara mukuyakura mu buhunikiro.
iv)Ubwikorezi: Bisaba ubushishozi kugirango amakamyo adapakirwa bikabije bikaba byakangiza amashu apakiye munsi. Muri rusange, umusaruro ugomba gutwikirwa n’ ihema mu kwirinda ubukonje cyangwa kumagara, ariko ku minsi ishyushe, iyo gututubikana no gushyuha bishoboka, ihema rigomba gukurwaho.
14 Icuruzwa
Mu Rwanda, amashu ahingirwa ahanini isoko ry' imbere mu gihugu. Intara y’ amajyaruguru niyo yeza amashu menshi kurusha cyane izindi ntara, igakurikirwa n’ intara y’ iburengerazuba, intara y’ amajyepfo, intara y’ iburasirazuba nyuma na nyuma, umugi wa Kigali. Amashu atukura ashobora kugurishwa nk’ ingemwe cyangwa imitwe yo kuribwa no kohereza hanze. Amashu y’ u Rwanda apakirwa mu makarito ateye verine cyangwa amakesi afite ubushobozi bw’ ibiro. Amakarito manini aba afite uburemere bw’ ibiro 22.5. Amakarito aza afite ubushobozi bwa litiro 61.66 cyangwa ahanini imwe litiro 30.83. Ubundi buryo bwo gupakira amashu mu Rwanda ni ibitebo. Ibitwarwamo byose harimo n’ amakarito n’ amakesi biza biziritse udutsinga dukomeye mu kurinda umuzigo mu gihe cy’ ubwikorezi. Buri mutwe ushyiranwa ubushishozi mu gahago ka polyethylene mbere yo kwinjizwa mu gitebo cyangwa ikesi.
Amashu ashobora kubikwa mu cyumba gikonje kuri 0oC. Kugeza umuzigo ku kibuga cy’ indege bikorwa hifashishijwe imashini zikonjesha zigumana ubushyuhe bugenzuwe bw’ icyumba gikonjesha kubera isoko mpuzamahanga aba ajyanyweho
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/368521181984836711/
Amashakiro:
http://www.condorseed.com/vegetables/cabbage/cabbage-red-rose-f1/
https://www.infonet-biovision.org/PlantHealth/Crops/CabbageKale-Brassicas
https://www.growveg.com/pests/us-and-canada/cabbage-aphid/
https://www.infonet-biovision.org/
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https://www.banglabazaar.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/5-2.jpg
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