IBIPIMO RUSANGE BY' UBUZIRANENGE BW' IBITUNGURU

1.IRIBURIRO

 

Ibitunguru, bizwi kandi nk' ibitunguru by' ibijumba cyangwa ibitunguru bisanzwe, ni uruboga ruhigwa cyane ku isi hose rwo mu bwoko bwa ''Allium'' Bifitanye isano ya hafi na tungurusumu, ibitunguru by' ibibabi, puwaro, ibitugunguru n' ibitunguru byo mu bushinwa. Izina ry' ubuhanga ry' ibitunguru ni ''Allium cepa''. Ibitunguru by' ibijumba bihingwa bahereye ku mbuto, cyangwa ingemwe cyangwa ibishibuka. Ibishibuka ni ingemwe nzima, zazanye imizi, akenshi zicuruzwa ku mifungo y' ibihingwa 25.

Ibi bipimo by' ubuziranenge byashyiriweho mu rwego rwo gufasha imishinga y' ibitunguru ibashe kuzuza ibisabwa by' ibanze kugirango nabo bagire umwanya ku isoko, ryaba iryo mu mahanga cyangwa imbere mu gihugu. Ubuziranenge ntibureba gusa inyungu n' igihombo cyangwa guhigika abo muhanganye. Ni ibirebana n' ubuzima bwiza, kugeza kumuguzi hubahirijwe amasezerano no kubahiriza ibyifuzo by' ibanze by' umukiriya. Akenshi mu kubahiriza umushinga ugira inyungu nyinshi kandi ukagabanya ibihombo. Abagera hejuru y' ibipimo fatizo by' ubuziranenge baba ari indashyikirwa mu ruhando rw' abo bahamganye bigatuma  bongera ubushobozi bwo kunguka n' icyizere mu baguzi. Aha niho inyungu yo kuzuza ibipimo by' ubuziranenge iherereye.

Muri iki gihe, kugenzura ubwiza ni ugupima ibipimo ngenderwaho bejyanye n' igicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi mbere y' uko kijya hanze. Kugenzura ubwiza bikorwa n' abagenzuzi, rimwe na rimwe bigenga cyangwa se bo mu mushinga imbere, kugirango bapime uburyo bukoreshwa kugirango igicuruzwa kiboneke no gutanga serivisi. Muri iyi nzira, abafashamyumvire b' umudugudu w' ubucuruzi bazafasha mu guhugura no kugenzura umusaruro w' abahinzi mbere yo kugezwa ku isoko.

 

Izi nyigisho zizafasha kugera kuri ibi bikurikira:

  1. Kongerera umushinga ubushobozi bwo kugeza ku isoko ibitunguru bihorana ubwiza bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru ku isoko bityo kunyurwa kw' abakiriya.
  2. Kongera ubwiza b' ibitunguru gutyo bigafasha imishinga kugabanya ibiguzi by' umurengera byakomoka ku kubura isoko.

2.IBYO IBI BIPIMO BIREBA

Ibipimo byo mu Rwanda bireba ibitunguru bihingwa byo mu bwoko bwa ''Allium cepa L.''. Itsinda ry' ibi bitunguru bigomba kugezwa ku muguzi bikiri umwimerere karemano, ibitunguru by' ibibabi bifite ibibabi byose. Ibitunguru bigenewe gutunganirizwa mu nganda ntibirebwa n' ib bipimo.

3.GUSHYIRA MU BIKORWA IBIPIMO

 

Ibipimo ni ukugena ibisabwa kugirango ibijumba by' ibitungure by' umwimerere bibe byujuje ubuziranenge nyuma yo gutegurwa no gupakirwa. Ariko, iyo bikoreshejwe nyuma yo kugurishwa cyangwa nyuma yo koherezwa mu mahanga, ibitunguru bishobora kugaragaza, ugereranyije n' ibipimo bisabwa:

  1. Kugabanuka guke k' umwimerere no gutoha
  2. Kwangirika gahoro bitewe no kwera no kuba byendaga kubora

Nyirabyo/umucuruzi wabyo ashobora kutagaragaza ibyo bicuruzw cyangwa akabitanga ku giciro gito cyangwa akabicuruza mu bundi buryo bwose butari ubwubahiriza ibi bipimo. Nyiribitunguru cyangwa umucuruzi wabyo ni we ugomba kugira uruhare mu kubahiriza ko byuzuza ibisabwa.

4.AMAGAMBO N' IBISOBANURO

Mu magambo n' ibisobanuro, ibi bigomba kubahirizwa:

  1. Gisukuye: kitarangwaho umwanda, umukungugu, udukoko tuguruka, andi mabara cyangwa ibindi bintu bitari ubitunguru
  2. Kubora: kubora kumye cyangwa gutoshye
  3. Bifunze neza: igitunguru kidahobagana iyo ugikanze byoroheje n' intoki
  4. Kwangirika: inenge iyo ari yose cyangwa gukomereka, byangiza uko igitunguru kigaragara cyangwa bigatuma igitunguru kitabikika neza
  5. Ibimane: ibitunguru byagize ibijumba birenze kimwe, bifatanye gusa mu ntangiriro, uruhu rw' inyuma rwaba rutandukanye cyangwa rumeze ukundi
  6. Ubunini umurambararo muniniushoboka w' ikijumba hamwe n' igice cyo hagati na hagati
  7. Uruti rw' urubuto: umutima w' ikijumba, waba umeze nabi kandi ari icyobo hagati mu gitunguru bituma igitunguru kigir ishusho itari nziza
  8. Ibijumba bifite ishusho mbi: ibijumba bifite uruti rw' urubuto rusohoka nabi Cyuzuye (uruhu rw' inyuma ruriho) Igitunguru kitahuye n' imbogamizi mu mikurire cyangwa mu gihe cyo kurandurwa, kwanikwa, gukurwaho uruti, gupakirwa, gutwarwa cyangwa ikindi gikorwa cyose.
  9. Ibitunguru bizima bitarangwaho ububore ubwo ari bwo bwose, uburwayi no kwangirika
  10. Ibitunguru byumye ku buryo buhagijeni ibitunguru bifunze neza ntibibe byoroshye cyangwa ngo bifobegane igihe umuntu abikandishije intoki, inkondo yumye neza

5.UBUZIRANENGE BUSABWA

Intego y' ibipimo ni ugusobanura ubuzirannge busabwa ku bitunguru nyuma yo gutegurwa no gupakirwa.

a)IBISABWA BY" IBANZE

  • Cyuzuye
  • Kizima: ibitunguru bigaragaza ububore cyangwa kwangirika byatuma ibitunguru biba bitabereye kuribwa bigomba gushyirwa ku ruhande
  • Bisukuye: bitarangwamo ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose kitari igitunguru
  • Bigaragara ko bitoshye
  • Bitarangwaho gukomera k' uruhu (umubiri ukomeye)
  • Bitarangwaho ibyonnyi
  • Bitarangwaho kwangirika kwatewe n' ibyonnyi
  • Bitarangwaho amazi adasanzwe yaba aturuka hanze
  • Bikomeye ku buryo byakihanganirwa gutwarwa no guterurwa bikagera aho byoherejwe bikimeze neza

b)   IBYICIRO

Ibitunguru bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bibiri by' ingenzi, icyiciro cya mbere n' icya kabiri

I.Icyiciro cya mbere

Ibitunguru byo muri iki cyiciro bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge: mu ishusho n' ibara, bigomba kuba bihuje n' ubwoko bw' ibitunguru bihingwa cyangwa bicuruzwa kuri iryo zina. Ibijumba bigomba kuba:

  • Bifunze neza kandi bikomeye
  • bitagaragaza ko byatangiye kuzana utubabi
  • a kubyimba byaba byatewe no kuba byarahuye n' ibibazo mu mikurire
  • Kuba bitagaragaraho ibisigazwa by' imizi, ariko ku bitunguru byasaruwe mbere y' uko byera burundu, ibisigazwa by' imizi biremewe:

Ariko kandi utunenge dukurikira dushobora kwihanganirwa , dupfa gusa tutangiza isura rusange y' igicuruzwa, ubuziraneneg, kugumana ubuziranengen' uko bigaragara mu ipaki

  • Akanenge gato mu ishusho
  • utunenge duke ku birebana n' ibara
  • kugira utubarabara duto ku ruhu rw' inyuma, igihe cyose bitarengeje kimwe cya gatanu cy' ubuso bwose bw' ikijumba
  • Kwiyasa bitageze imbere no kubura igice cy' uruhu w' inyuma, umubri upfa kuba urinzwe

II.ICYICIRO CYA KABIRI

Iki kiciro kijyamo ibitunguru bidakwiye gushyirwa mu cyiciro cya mbere ariko byujuje ibisabwa by' ibanze twavuze haruguru:

  • Ibijumba bigomba kuba bifunze ku buryo bwiza
  • inenge zikurikira zishobora kwihanganirwa , gusa ibitunguru bgomba kugumana ibibiranga by' ingenzi ku birebana n; ubuziranenge, kugumana ubuziranenege n'uko bigaragara mu ipaki
  • inenge mu ishusho
  • inenge ku ibara
  • Uturonko twatewe no gushwaratuka
  • utumenyetso duto twatewe n' ibyonnyi cyangwa indwara
  • inkovu nto zo kwiyasa
  • inkovu zo kuba byarigeze kwicwa n' izuba cyangwa umuyaga
  • ibisigazwa by' imizi

 Ariko ibi bikurikira biremewe:

  • Ibibara bitagera ku ruhu rwa nyuma mu yumye arinda umubiri, bipfa gusa bitarenga icya kabiri cy' ubuso bwose bw'igitunguru
  • Kwiyasa ku ruhu rw' inyuma no kubura igice kimwe cy' uruhu rw' inyuma ku kigerokitarenze1/3 cy' ubuso bw' ikijumba, igihe cyose umubiri ntacyo wabaye

c)AMABWIRIZA YEREKEYE IBYIHANGANIRWA

  • Ibyihanganirwa kubirebana n' ubuziranenge n' ingano byemewe muri buri aki y' igicuruzwa itujuje ibisabwa by' icyiciro kigaragazwa

 

  1. IBYIHANGANIRWA KU BUZIRANENGE
  • Icyiciro cya I: 10% by'umubare cyangwa uburemere bw' ibitunguru bitujuje ibisabwa muri iki cyiciro ariko byujuje ibyo mu cyiciro cya II cyangwa, by' umwihariko, bigwa mu gice cy' iby' ihanganirwa muri iki cyiciro.
  • Icyiciro cya II: 10% by' umubare cyangwa uburemere bw' ibitunguru bitujuje ibisabwa muri iki cyiciro ntibinuzuze ibisabwa by' ibanze, ukuyemo ibitunguru byaboze, cyangwa ukundi kwangirika kwatuma bitaba ibyo kuribwa.

 

  1. INGANO YAKIHANGANIRWA
  • Ku byiciro byose : 10% by' umubare cyangwa uburemere bw' ibitunguru bidahuje n' ingano ikwiye ariko bifite umurambararo utarengeje 20% munsi cyangwa hejuru yayo

 

d)  AMABWIRIZA AREBANA NO KUGARAGAZA IBICURUZWA

  1.  IMPUZANKANO
  • Ibiri muri buri paki bigomba kuba bias byose kandi harimo gusa ibitunguru byturutse hamwe, ubwoko, ubwiza n' ingano. Igice kigaragara cy' ibiri muri buri paki bigomba kuba bihagarariye ibirimo byose.

 

  1. IMYANDA
  • Ibisigazwa by' ibinyabutabire: ibicuruzwa birebwa n' ibi bipimo bigomba kubahiriza ikigero ntarengwa cy' imyanda y' ibinyabutabire byashyizweho n[ akanama kihariye ka codex alimentarius  ku birebana n' ibitunguru
  • Indi myanda: igicuruzwa kirebwa n' ibi biimo kigomba kubahiriza ingero zo hejuru z' ibipimo rusange zerekeye imyanda n' uburozi mu biryo by' abantu n' iby' amatungo (CODEX STAN 193-1995).

 

  1.  KUGARAGAZA IBICURUZWA

Ibitunguru bigomba kugaragazwa

  • Zipanze neza ku mitambiko
  • zirunze mu kirundo
  • Zihambiririye hamwe ( bitari munsi y' ibijumba 16, bifite uruti rwumye neza)
  1.   GUPFUNYIKA
  • Ibitunguru bigomba gupfunyikwa mu buryo butuma igicuruzwa kiba kirinzwe neza. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa imbere mu ipaki bigomba kuba ari bishya, bisukuye kandi bifite ubuzirangenge mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko byateza kwangirika kw' inyuma cyangwa imbere kw' igicuruzwa. Ikoreshwa ry' ibikoresho, by' umwihariko impapuro cyangwa kasha zigaragaza ibiranga ubucuruzi biremewe igihe cyose icapwa cyangwa gushyiraho ibirango byakoreshejwe wino cyangwa kole itangiza ubuzima bw' abantu. Ipaki igomba kuba itarangwamo ikindi kintu cyose kitari ibitunguru.

 

  1. ISUKU
  • Ibicuruzwa byose birebwa n' ibi bipimo bigomba gutegurwa no gukorwamo hubahirijwe amabwiriza ibika byihariye by' amabwiriza rusange y' isuku y' ibiribwa.

 

e)AMABWIRIZA YO KURANGA IBYOHEREZWA MU MAHANGA

  • Buri paki igomba kuba igaragaza ibi bikurikira byihariye mu nyuguti zishyizwe ku ruhande rumwe zisomeka kandi zidasibika kandi zigaragarira inyuma:

I.IBIRANGO

  • Uwapakije cyangwa umucuruzi. Amazina n' aho abarizwa cyangwa kodi yahawe cyangwa yemewe n' amategeko imuranga. Ariko mu guhe kodi imuranga ikoreshejwe, ibiranga uwapakije na / cyangwa umucuruzi (cyangwa impine bihuye) bigomba kugaragazwa ko bfite aho bihuriye na kodi imuranga.

II. IMITERERE Y' IGICURUZWA

  • 'Ibitunguru' niba ibiri imbere bitagaragarira amaso urebeye inyuma

III.  INKOMOKO Y' IGICURUZWA

  • Igihugu igicuruzwa cyaturutsemo, ku bushake, n' akarere igihe gihingwa ku rwego rw' igihugu, rw' akarere (nka EAC) cyangwa izina ry' ahantu imbere mu gihugu.

 

IV  IBIRANGA IGICURUZWA

  •   Icyiciro
  •   Ingano, igaragazwa n umurambararo muto n' umurambararo munini kurusha ahandi
  •   Uburemere

6.UMWANZURO

Kugenzura ubuziranenge bifasha ikigo gishobora kubahiriza ibyo abakiriya basaba kandi baba biteze kubona. Ubwiziranenge bwo hejuru bwubaka ikizere mu baguzi, bituma ikigo gishobora guhangana ku isoko. Bigabanya ibiguzi kandi bigakemura ibibazo mbere y' uko bikomera, kandi bigafasha gushyiraho no gukomeza ibipmo by' ubuzianenge hirindwa gutangirana ibibazo. Mu gihe cya none, gushora imari mu kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ngombwa cyane mu bigo byinshi. Bigira akamaro cyane iyo bishyizwe mu bikorwa guhera mu ntangiriro y' umushinga. Iyo igenzura ry' ubuziranenge rikozwe neza, bitanga kwigirira icyizere, igapima umusaruro/ ibicuruzwa kandi bigafahsa ibigo gucuruza ibicuruzwa byabyo nta mpungenge.

Bityo rero, izi nyigisho zizafasha abahinzi kugira ubumenyi ku buziranenge n' ibipimo bikwiye mu gutegura no gupakira ibitunguru kugirango babashe guhuza n' ibisabwa n' isoko no kongera ibyo binjiza.