IBIPIMO BY UBUZIRANE BWA GAPERI

1.IRIBURIRO

Ibi bipimo by' ubuziranenge byashyiriweho kugirango urwego rw' ubuhinzi bw' imboga rwuzuze ibisabwa by' ibanze kugira ngo rugire umwanya ku isoko, ryaba iryo hanze n' iry' imbere mu gihugu.

Ubuziranenge ntibureba gusa inyungu n' igihombo cyangwa guhigika abo muhanganye. Ni ibirebana n' ubuzima bwiza, kugeza kumuguzi hubahirijwe amasezerano no kubahiriza ibyifuzo by' ibanze by' umukiriya. Akenshi mu kubahiriza umushinga ugira inyungu nyinshi kandi ukagabanya ibihombo. Abagera hejuru y' ibipimo fatizo by' ubuziranege baba ari indashyikirwa mu ruhando rw' abo bahamganye bigatuma  bongera ubushobozi bwo kunguka n' icyizere mu baguzi. Aha niho inyungu yo kuzuza ibipimo by' ubuziranenge iherereye.

Uyu munsi, kugenzura ubwiza ni ugupima ibipimo ngenderwaho bejyanye n' igicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi mbere y' uko ijya hanze. Kugenzura ubwiza bikorwa n' abagenzuzi, rimwe na rimwe bigenga cyangwa se bo mu mushinga imbere, kugirango bapime uburyo bukoreshwa kugirango igicuruzwa kiboneke no utanga serivisi. Muri iyi nzira, abafashamyumvire b' umudugudu w' ubucuruzi bazafasha mu guhugura no kugenzura umusaruro w' abahinzi mbere yo kugzwa ku isoko.

Izi nyigisho zigamije ibi bikurikira:

  1. Kongerera umushinga ubushobozi bwo kugeza ku isoko gaperi zihorana ubwiza bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru ku isoko bityo kunyurwa kw' abakiriya.
  2. Kongera ubwiza bwa gaperi gutyo bigafasha imishinga kugabanya ibiguzi by' umurengera byakomoka ku kubura isoko.

 


 IBIPIMO RUSANGE BY' UBWIZA BYA GAPERI Z' UMWIMERERE

 

1.IMBIBI Z'IBIPIMO

Ibi bipimo birebana n' ubwoko bwa gaperi zicuruzwa zihingwa za'' Physalis peruviana (L.)" zo mu muryango wa Solanase (umuryango ubarizwamo ibirayi, intoryi, inzuzi,…) zo kugezwa ku mukiriya zigifite umwimerere wazo, nyuma yo gutegurwa no gupakirwa.  Ibi ntibireba gaperi zo gutunganyirizwa mu nganda

 

2.GUSHYIRA MU BIKORWA IBI BIPIMO

Intego z' ibi bipimo ni ugutanga umurongo w'ubwiza busabwa gaperi nyuma yo gutegurwa no gupakirwa.

 

3.IBISABWA BY' IBANZE

Mu nzego zose, ku birebana n' umwihariko n' ibyakihanganirwa  kuri buri rwego, gaperi zigomba:  

  • Yuzuye, ifite cyangwa idafite inkongoro y' ururabo;
  • Zisukuye, zitarangwamo ikindi kintu kitari gaperi;
  • Zitarangwamo ibyonnyi byabangamira ishusho rusange y' umusauro;
  • Umusaruro utarangwamo kuba warangijwe n' ibyonnyi;
  • Zitarangwamo amazi inyuma uretse aturuka
  • Zitarangwamo impumuro y' indi cyangwa uburyohe bundi butari ubwa gaperi
  • zifunze neza
  • Zigaragara ko zigitoshye
  • Zifite uruhu rworoshye kandi rurabagirana
  • Urubuto rwuzuye ariko rwafashwe no kubora cyangwa kwangirika bituma rutaribwa rugomba gukurwamo

 

Niba inkongoro y' ururabo iriho, uruti rw' ururabo ntirugomba kurenza uburebure bwa 25mm.

Gaperi zigomba kuba zarageze ku rugero rwo gukura no kwera hitawe ku biranga ubwoko no mu gace zahinzwemo.

 Gukura n' imiterere ya gaperi bigomba kuba bizishoboza:

  • Kutangirika mu gihe cyo gutwarwa no gupangwa; no
  • Kugera aho zijyanywe zikimeze neza

 

4.IBIRANGA GAPERI ZEZE

 Kwera kwa gaperi bishobora kugaragarira amaso urebeye ku ibara inyuma, riva ku cyatsikibisi rigasa n' icunga rihishije uko urubuto rushya. Ubwiza bwazo bushobora kwemezwa no gupima ibishonga byose bizigize

  • Guhinduka k' ibara ry' inkongoro y' ururabo si ikimenyetso cyo kwera k' ururabo
  • Ibishonga byose bigize gaperi bigomba kuba nibura 14.0o Brix.

 

a)GUSHYIRA MU BYICIRO

Gaperi zishyirwa mu byiciro bitatu bigaragara hasi aha, hatagendewe ku ngano no ku ibara:

 

  1. ICYICIRO GIHANITSE

Gaperi zo muri iki cyiciro zigomba kuba zifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru. Zigomba kuba zujuje ibiranga ubwoko runaka na/cyangwa ubwoko bucuruzwa. Zigomba kuba zidafite inenge, uretse utunenge duto cyane tutageze imbere, igihe cyose utu tunenge tutagira icyo zica k' uko imbuto zigaragara muri rusange, ubwiza no kugumana ubwiza n' uko zigaragara mu ipaki.

 

  1. ICYICIRO CYA I

Gaperi zo muri iki cyiciro zigomba kuba zuzuje ubuziranenge. Zigomba kuba zujuje ibiranga ubwoko runaka na/cyangwa ubwoko bucuruzwa. Zigomba kuba zidafite inenge, icyakora, inenge zishobora kwemerwa igihe cyose zitagira icyo zica k' uko imbuto zigaragara muri rusange, ubwiza no kugumana ubwiza n' uko zigaragara mu ipaki.

  • Utunenge tworoheje ku ishusho
  • Utunenge tworoheje ku ibara
  • Utunenge tworoheje ku ruhu

Inenge ntizigomba, uko byamera kose, kugera ku rubuto nyirizina.

 

  1. ICYICIRO CYA II

Iki cyiciro kirimo gaperi zose zidashobora gushyirwa mu byiciro byo hejuru ariko byujuje ibisabwa by' ibanze byavuzwe mu gika 2.1 hejuru. Inenge zikurikira ariko zishobora kwihanganirwa igihe cyose gaperi zigumana ibiziranga by' ingenzi mu birebana n' ubwiza, kugumana ubwiza n' uko zigaragara muri rusange:

  • inenge mu ishusho
  • inenge ku ibara
  • inenge ku ruhu
  • inkovu nto z' ahisatuye zitagejeje kuri 25% by' ubuso bose bw' urubuto

 

b)  AMABWIRIZA AREBANA N' UBUNINI

Ubunini bugenwa n' uburebure bunini bushoboka bw' umurongo ugabanyamo urubuto kabiri, n' umurambararo utari munsi ya 15mm, nk' uko bigaragara mu tuzu dukurikira:

Ikirango cy' ubunini

Diyametero (mm)

A

15.0 – 18.0

B

18.1 – 20.0

C

20.1 – 22.0

D

≥22.1

 

c)AMABWIRIZA AREBANA N' IBYAKWIHANGANIRWA

Ibyakihanganirwa ku birebana n' ubwiza n' ubunini bishobora kwemerw muri buri cyiciro cy' umusaruro utujuje ibisabwa ku cyiciro runaka.

 

a)IBYIHANGANIRWA KU BUZIRANENGE

  1. ICYICIRO GIHANITSE

Gatanu ku ijana (5%) by' umubare  cyangwa by' uburemere bwa gaperi ziriho cyangwa zitariho inkongoro y' ururabo zitujuje ibisabwa muri iki cyiciro, ariko zuzuje ibisabwa mu cyiciro cya 1 cyangwa, by' umwihariko zifite ibyakihanganirwa muri iki cyiciro.

  1.  ICYICIRO CYA I

Icumi ku ijana (10%) ku mubare cyangwa uburemere bwa gaperi ziriho cyagwa zitariho inkongoro y' ururabo zitujuje ibisabwa muri iki cyiciro ariko zuzuje ibisabwa mu cyiciro cya II cyangwa, by' umwihariko, zifite ibyakihanganirwa muri iki cyiciro

  1.  ICYICIRO CYA II

Icumi ku ijana (10%) by' umubare cyangwa by' uburemere bwa gaperi ziriho cyangwa zitariho inkongoro y' ururabo zitujuje ibisabwa muri iki cyiciro cyangwa ibisabwa by' ibanze uretse umusaruro wakozweho n' ingaruka z' umuyaga mwinshi, kubora cyangwa indi nenge iyo ariyo yose yatuma gaperi zidakwiriye kuribwa. Kugeza ku kigero cyo hejuru cya 20% ku mubare cyangwa uburemere bw' urubuto rugaragaza gusaduka gutoya bikwiriye ubuso burenga 5% biremewe muri iki cyiciro.

B. IBYIHANGANIRWA KU BUNINI

Ku byiciro byose, 10% by' umubare cyangwa uburemere bwa gaperi bihuye n' ubunini buri hejuru cyangwa/no hasi ho gato y' ikigaragazwa ku ipaki

b)IBYEREKEYE KUGARAGAZA GAPERI

 

  1.   KUBA ZISA ZOSE

 

Gaperi ziri muri paki zigomba kuba zisa zose kandi irimo gaperi zaturutse hamwe, ubwoko, ubwiza, ibara n' uburyo rugaragara ( hariho cyangwa ntihariho inkongoro y' ururabo). Igice kigaragara cy' ibiri mu ipaki kigomba kuba gihgarariye neza neza ibiri mu ipaki byose.

 

  1. GUPFUNYIKA

Gaperi zigomba gupakirwa mu buryo burinda umusaruro mu buryo bunoze. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gupfunyika bigomba kuba ari bishya, bisukuye kandi by' ubwiza bituma hirindwa gutera umusaruro kwangirika byaba imbere cyangwa inyuma. Gukoresha ibikoresho cyane cyane impapuro cyangwa kasha igaragaza ibirango biremewe, bipfa gusa gucapa cyangwa gushyiraho ibirango byakoreshejwe wino cyangwa kole bitica.

 

Gaperi zigomba gupfunyikwa muri buri paki bihujwe n' amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga ibikorwa byo gupakira no gutwara imbuto  n' imboga zitoshye (CAC/RCP 44- 1955).

 

  1. IBIRANGA IBITWARWAMO GAPERI

Ibyo batwaramo bigomba kuzuza ubwiza, isuku, bicamo akayaga no gukomera bituma ibicuruzwa bitwarwa neza, bigapakirwa ndetse bikarinda gaperi kwangirika. Ibipfunyika bigomba kuba bitarangwaho ibindi bintu cyangwa impumuro.

5.IBYEREKEYE GUSHYIRAHO IBIMENYETSO

  1. AMAPAKI AGENEWE UMUGUZI

Hejuru y' ibisabwa n' ibipimo rusange byo kuranga ibiribwa byapfunyitswe byagenwe na Codex (CODEX STAN 1-1985), ibi bikurikira bigomba kubahirizwa:

 

  1. UBWOKO BW' IGICURUZWA

Niba igicuruzwa kitagaragara urebeye inyuma, buri gipfunyika kigomba gushyirwaho ibimenyetso biranga izina ry' igicuruzwa kandi kerekana ubwoko bwa gaperi na/cyangwa ubwoko bucuruzwa.

 

  1. AMAPAKI ARANGUZWA

Buri paki igomba kugira ibyihariye bikurikira, mu nyuguti zose ziri ku ruhande rumwe, bisomeka neza kandi bidasibika kandi bigaragara inyuma, cyangwa mu mpapuro ziherekeza umuzigo.

 

  1. IBIRANGO BYIHARIYE

Izina n' aho ubitwara hanze abarizwa, uwabipakiye na/cyangwa ubiranguza.

 

  1. INKOMOKO Y' IGICURUZWA

 

Izina ry' igihugu cy' inomoko, byaba ngombwa n' akarere aho gaperi zahinzwe cyangwa ku rwego rw' igihugu, rw' akarere cyangwa ahantu.

 

  1. KUGARAGAZA IBIREBANA NO GUCURUZA
  • Ikiciro
  • Ingano ( kodi y' ingano cyangwa umurambararo muto n' umunini muri mm)
  • Umubare w' ibirimo ubaze kimwe kimwe ( ku bushake)
  • Uburemere bw' ibicuruzwa (ku bushake)

 

E. IKIMENYETSO CY' UKO BYAGENZUWE N' URWEGO RUBIFITIYE UBUBASHA (KU BUSHAKE)

6.Indunduro

Kugenzura ubuziranenge bifasha ikigo gishobora kubahiriza ibyo abakiriya basaba kandi baba biteze kubona. Ubwiziranenge bwo hejuru bwubaka ikizere mu baguzi, bituma ikigo gishobora guhangana ku isoko. Bigabanya ibiguzi kandi bigakemura ibibazo mbere y' uko bikomera, kandi bigafasha gushyiraho no gukomeza ibipmo by' ubuzianenge hirindwa gutangirana ibibazo. Mu gihe cya none, gushora imari mu kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ngombwa cyane mu bigo byinshi. Bigira akamaro cyane iyo bishyizwe mu bikorwa guhera mu ntangiriro y' umushinga. Iyo igenzura ry' ubuziranenge rikozwe neza, bitanga kwigirira icyizere, igapima umusaruro/ ibicuruzwa kandi bigafahsa ibigo gucuruza ibicuruzwa byabyo nta mpungenge.

Izi nyigisho zizafahsa umuhinzi kugira ubumenyi ku buziranenge n' ibipimo bisabwa mu gutunganya no gupakira gaperi kugirango bubahirize ibyo isoko risaba bityo babashe kongera ibyo binjiza.