UBUHINZI BWA GAPERI
1. Iriburiro
Gaperi zo mu Rwanda (Physalis peruviana), ni urubuto ruto rugira ibara rinogeye ijisho ry’ icunga rihishije rijya gusa n’ umuhondo. Uru rubuto rujya gusa na Marubule kandi rugira inyuma horoshye ariko hasa n’ ahafite amavuta. Rugira igishishwa kimeze nk’ ibaba kirukingira ariko ntikiribwe. Uru rubuto rwifitemo amazi mu nda, ruri mu cyiciro cy’ imyaka idahabwa imbaraga zihutirwa mu Rwanda mu mboga, indabo n’ imbuto, rufite ibiruranga nk’ ibiranga inyanya, zifite inyuma horoshye, hiburungushuye gusa kuba uruhu rwarwo rufite ibara ry’ umuhondo. Nk’ uko izina ryayo rya gihanga ribivuga, ruturuka muri Amerika y’ amjyepfo, cyane cyane muri Brezile na Peru. Rugira icyanga gishaririye ariko kiryoshye. Iyo ikuriye ahameze n’ aho kagitusi ikurira, igira umwihariko w’ uko aho yahishirije hagwa hasi. Ni igiti kigufi kigira amashami menshi kigakora igihuru kigira uburebure bushobora kugera kuri m1.8, kigira imbuto z’ umuhondo zipfunyitse mu gipfunyika kimeze nk’ urupapuro rw’ ikigina kijya kumera nk’ itara gakondo ry’ abashinwa, kitwa igishishwa. Nyuma y’ uko ururabo ruguye, ibyapfunyikaga ururabo biraguka, bigakora igipfunyika cy’ ikijuju kibumbatiye urubuto burundu. Ni urubuto rworohereye, rwiburungushuye, rugira imbuto ziri mu gisa n’ amazi mu nda rusa n’ urutomati ruto rw’ umuhondo rufite cm1.2 kugera kuri 2 z’ umubyimba. Kurya gaperi byongera ubuzima bwiza cyane cyane mu kurwanya indwara z’ umutima. Ibi biterwa n’ uko uru rubuto rugira amavuta make ntirugire kolesiteroli cyangwa Sodiyumu. Itunze kandi na vitamini nka A na C. fibure ni nyinshi mu gihe Potasiyumu yo irimo ari nyinshi bikabije. Gaperi kandi zigira amavuta menshi bituma zishobora gutwara vitamini zivanga n’ amavuta nka A, D, E na K. Inyuma y’ ibyo kandi, gaperi zikungahaye ku myunyungugu, poroteyine, fibure n’ ibirwanya indwara. Gaperi zishobora gukoreshwa ari mbisi, gushyirwa mu migati, gukonjeshwa cyangwa gutunganywa ngo zikoreshwe mu ma deseri, mu mitobe, yawurute na za maseduwane. Gaperi cyangwa amababi zizwiho kugira ibirwanya kubyimbirwa, koroshya igogora, gufasha mu kugabanya ibiro no gufasha kurwanya diyabete n’ ibibazo by’ umuvuduko ukabije w’ amaraso.
ubwoko bwa gaperi buhingwa mu Rwanda Isoko:https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/9-marvelous-health-benefits-of-cape-gooseberries-rasbharies-1670679
2. Amoko ya gaperi
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Ubwoko |
Ibiziranga |
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Gaperi zipfunyitse (Cape gooseberry)
Isoko: Https://www.gardeningchannel.com/grow-cape-gooseberry/ |
Zigira amababi ameze nk’ umutima n’ indabo zimeze nk’ inzogera, zigapfundikira urubuto uko zikura. Iyo zikuze, urubuto rugira igishishwa gikomeye. Izi gaperi zigira amazina menshi. Ni kimwe mu bihingwa bigize umuryango witwa fisalisi, ifitanye isano n’ inyanya n’ ibindi bihingwa bikurira ku butaka bikagira amazi mu nda |
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Gaperi zitukura (Red gooseberry)
Isoko https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stachelbeere_(Ribes_uva-crispa).jpg |
Izi ni igihingwa cy’ igihuru kirandaranda gikura kikagera kuri m1.5 mu burebure n’ ubugari, [11] amashami akaba abyibushye anafite amahwa, akaba ari rimwe rimwe cyangwa ari abiri cyangwa atatu atandukanye ariko yari yashibukiye ahantu hamwe. Indabo zimeze nk’ inzogera ziza rumwe rumwe cyangwa ebyiri ebyiri cyangwa ziturutse mu matsinda y’ amababi 3cyangwa 5 afatanye yiburungushuye. |
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(Gaperi z’ iburayi na aziya(Eurasian gooseberry)
Isoko |
Ubu bwoko bwa gaperi bugira ibara ry’ icyatsi. Zikomoka mu burayi, kawukasusi no muri Afrika y’ amajyaruguru. Izi gaperi ni igihuru kirandaranda, kigakura kugera kuri m1.5 mu burebure n’ ubugari, [11] kikagira amashami menshi abyibushye anafite amahwa, akaba ari rimwe rimwe cyangwa ari abiri cyangwa atatu atandukanye ariko yari yashibukiye ahantu hamwe. Indabo zimeze nk’ inzogera ziza rumwe rumwe cyangwa ebyiri ebyiri cyangwa ziturutse mu matsinda y’ amababi 3cyangwa 5 afatanye yiburungushuye. |
3. Aho zihingwa
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Gaperi zahinzwe mu gice cy' isi cy' ingere y' ubushyuhe Isoko http://www.lubera.co.uk/plants/soft-fruit/cape-gooseberries/cape-gooseberry-peters-best |
Gaperi zimara mu murima igihembwe kimwe mu bice bikonja, zikamaramo imyaka myinshi zishobora kwera mu bice bishyuha. Ni ibihingwa bikunda izuba, ikirere gishyushye biringaniye, kandi zikarindwa ubukonje. Ahakonja cyangwa ahagwa urubura, zihingwa nk’ igihingwa kimara igihembwe kimwe gusa mu murima. Zigomba guhabwa amazi menshi mu mwaka wose wo gukura kwazo, keretse iyo zegereje igihe cyo guhisha kw’ imbuto. Zikura mu butaka hafi ya bwose kandi zikera neza mu butaka bubi no mu bibindi. Zibasirwa n’ inyinshi mu ndwara n’ ibyonnyi byibasira inyanya.
Gaperi zakurira mu butaka ubwo aribwo bwose buciyemo inzira z’ amazi ariko zera biruseho ku butaka bw’ umucanga kugera ku butaka bw’ inombe n’ utubuye. Mu butaka bwera cyane bukomoka ku birunga, ibice by’ igihingwa birakura cyane imbuto zikananirwa kugira ibara zikwiriye kuba zigira. Umusaruro mwiza ahubwo uboneka ku butaka bubi bw’ umucanga. Ahatari inzira z’ amazi zikozwe neza, gutera bigomba gukorwa ahasa n’ ahahanamye ho gato cyangwa imitabo ikegezwa hejuru nk’ amabimba. Igihingwa kimera nk’ igipfuye kigahagarika gukura mu gihe cy’ amapfa. Zikunda ahantu hava izuba, hadakonja kandi hatagera imiyaga ikomeye. Zihe amazi menshi mu mwaka wose wo gukura kwazo, keretse igihe zegereje guhisha kw’ imbuto.Zikura mu butaka hafi ya bwose kandi zikera neza mu butaka bubi no mu bibindi. Zibasirwa n’ inyinshi mu ndwara n’ ibyonnyi bibasira inyanya.
4. Ingemwe no gukora ubuhumbikiro
Ubundi gaperi zimera mu buryo busa n’ ubworoshye, n’ ubwo igihe cyo kumera kwazo gishobora kuruta ho gato igihe cyo kumera cy’ izindi mbuto z’ imboga.
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akabuto ka gaperi http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/content/cape-gooseberry.htm |
1) Itegure gutera imbuto za gaperi zigomba kubanza gushyirwa mu kantu gato nka cm2 25.806 zikabanza zikamera.Guhita utera mu butaka si byiza cyane kuko uba udashobora kugenzura buri kimwe cyose. Koresha ikibindi/vaze yabugenewe ishobora guhitisha amazi neza. Ugomba kugenzurako icyo uteramo gitose bihagije mbere yo gutera imbuto. Kuvomerera imbuto ntoya cyane nk’ iza gaperi nyuma yo gutera bshobora gutuma ziva mu mwanya wazo zikamanuka hasi mu mwanya yo mu butaka bikazatuma zidashobora kugera hejuru igihe zizaba zimeze.
2) Tera imbuto. Tera imbuto mu butaka mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm0.632. Zitwikirize agataka maze uvomerere witonze. Kuvomerera bikabije byakemerera uduhumyo gukura tukaboza imbuto. Amazi menshi kandi ashobora gushyingura imbuto kure mu butaka aho zitazabasha guhinguka hejuru y’ ubutaka. Vomerera igihe ubutaka bugitangira kuma. Imbuto nyinshi zishobora guterwa mu gutangiza urubuto rumwe, ariko zigomba kwicirwa igihe ingemwe zigaragaye kugirango hasigare igihingwa kimwe.
3) Kumera. Ubutaka bugomba guhora bushyushye biringaniye, kuva kuri 0C21.1 kugera kuri 0C29, munsi ya hafi 0C15.5-18.3, n’ iyo byaba nijoro bizadindiza cyangwa bibuze imbuto kumera. Ubutaka bushyushye hejuru ya 0C35 nabwo bwabuza imbuto kumera.
4) Kwita ku ngemwe. Iyo amababi make ya nyayo amaze kugaragara, ingemwe zigomba kujyanwa gahoro hanze (niba zaramerejwe mu nzu) ku rumuri karemano. Bigomba kwitabwaho kugirango ingemwe zidahita zishyirwa ku zuba ry’ igikatu kuko ibihingwa bishobora gukenera gukomezwa binyuze mu kubishyira ku zuba buhoro buhoro. Gukomeza ibihingwa bishobora gukorerwa ahantu hatwikiriye cyangwa hagera urumuri rwayunguruwe, kimwe no kubirinda imiyaga ikomeye cyangwa ubuhehere bwo hasi. Igihe cyo gukomeza ibihingwa kirahindagurika, ariko bishobora gutwara nk iminsi 5-10.
5. Ibisabwa mu gutubura imbuto no kuzemeza
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Gaperi mu gihe cyo kumera Isoko: https://gardenerspath.com/plants/fruit/grow-ground-cherries/#Propagation |
Iki gihingwa gikunda guhingirwa imbuto. Igihe cyo kumera: ibyumweru 2-6 niba ibintu byose bimeze neza. Habaho imbuto 5000 kugera ku 8000 kuri g28 kandi kuva ikigero cyo kumera kwazo ari gito, iyi ngano irakenewe kugirango haboneke ibihingwa bihagije byo gutera kuri Ari- g70 kuri hegitari. Imbuto zishobora kuvangwa n’ ivu ry’ ibiti cyangwa ubutaka bwatunganyijwe kugirango imbuto zibibwe mu buryo bungana. Shyira imbuto hejuru ku butaka urenzeho agataka gakeya hafi cm0.632. Nyuza ikiganza hejuru y’ ubutaka gahoro. Vomerera nyuma yo gutera imbuto, maze ukomeze ujya uvomerera buri munsi usa n’ upuriza ukoresheje igikoresho cyawe cyo kuvomerera kugeza ingemwe zimaze gufata. Hari n’ igihe gaperi zikirakwizwa hakoreshejwe uduce tw’ uruti rumaze umwaka, tugaterwa imisemburo ituma imizi izaho kandi ibyo byatanze umusaruro ku kigero cya 37%. Ibihingwa byahinzwe gutyo birabya mbere kandi bigatanga umusaruro ushimishije ariko ntibigira ubudahangarwa nk’ ubw’ ibyahinzwe hakoreshejwe ingemwe. Kugonda amashami nabyo bitanga umusaruro ariko ntibikunze gukorwa.
6. Imicungire ikomatanyije y’ uburumbuke bw’ ubutaka
Gaperi ntabwo zigorana mu bijyanye n’ ubutaka, ariko zikunda ubutaka buciyemo inzira nziza z’ amazi kandi bufite ifumbire y’ imborera yaboze neza. Izuba risesuye niryo ryiza, cyane cyane ubwoko bwo mu butayu, ariko zihanganira cyane igicucu. Urugaryi cyangwa umuhindo nicyo gihe kiza cyo gutera gaperi zifite imizi. Zitandukanye ushyiramo intera ya m1.5 hagati y’ ibihingwa n’ intera ya m1.5 hagati y’ imirongo. Gaperi zikura neza mu bintu bigari birimo imborera ishingiye ku butaka. Sasira ubutaka kugirango ugabanye ibyatsi. Fumbira ibihuru bya gaperi mu ntangiriro z’ umuhindo ukoresheje Sulfate ya potash (ukurikije amabwiriza yanditse ku gipfunyika) kandi uzisasire bihagije n’ ifumbire y’ imborera iboze neza. Vomerera bihagije mu bihe byumye.
7. Ubuhinzi bwa gaperi bwivugurura
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Gusasira gaperi Isoko https://gardenerspath.com/plants/fruit/grow-ground-cherries/ |
Gaperi ziberanye neza ahantu hakonje hanatose, ariko ahari ikirere cy’izuba bizazifasha kwera imbuto nyinshi. Ahari ikirere gishushye cyane, zikenera igicucu mu gicamunsi kugirango zere neza. Ni ngombwa ko ubutaka buhora butose kuko kimwe n’ inyanya, iyo gaperi zihawe amazi menshi nyuma y’ igihe cyumye imbuto zibyimba vuba cyane zigaturika. Gusasira bifasha kugumana ubuhehere kandi iyo ukoresheje ifumbire y’ imborera iboze neza byombi bigaburira igihingwa cyawe icyarimwe. Kunyanyagiza ivu ry’ ibiti iruhande rw’ ibihingwa bitanga potasiyumu y’ ingirakamaro ibifasha kurabya no kwera imbuto neza. Zikenera kandi Azote idakabije kuko yakongera ibibazo bya milidiyu n’ udusurira. Sasira mu buryo buhoraho n’ utwatsi duke kugirango twongeremo Azote na Potasiyumu. Ubutaka bwa nyabwo kuri gaperi ni ubutaka bukungahaye, buhehereye kandi bushaririye ho gahoro. Zikurana neza n’ izindi mbuto zitwa kuranti bifitanye isano ya hafi, nazo zikurira ahameze nk’ aha agaperi.
8. Gutegura umurima wa gaperi
Itegure gutera. Imbuto za gaperi zigomba gushyirwa mu bintu bito zimereramo, ibyiza ni ibifite cm2 25.8 cyangwa bito kurushaho. Kuzitera ngo zimerere mu butaka si byiza kuko utaba ubasha kugenzura uko zibayeho bikoroheye. Koresha uruvange rwemewe rw’ ibishyirwa mu kibindi kandi amazi abe abasha kunyuramo byoroshye. Banza utose urwo ruvange mbere yo guteramo imbuto. Ku mbuto nto nk’ iza gaperi, kuvomerera ubutaka bwumye bikabije bishobora kuzimura bigatuma zimanuka munsi mu myanya iri mu butaka. Imbuto zamanutse munsi mu butaka ntizibasha kuzamuka ngo zigere hejuru y’ ubutaka iyo zimeze.
9. Gutera gaperi
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Ingemwe za gaperi Isoko: http://www.gardenposts.co.uk/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/potten-on-cape-gooseberry.jpg |
Tera imbuto. Tera imbuto mu butaka mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm0.632. Zitwikirize agataka mazi uvomerere witonze. Kuvomerera bikabije byakemerera uduhumyo gukura tukaboza imbuto. Amazi menshi kandi ashobora gushyingura imbuto kure mu butaka aho zitazabasha guhinguka hejuru y’ 
ubutaka. Vomerera igihe ubutaka bugitangira kuma. Imbuto nyinshi zishobora guterwa mu gitangiza urubuto rumwe, ariko zigomba kwicirwa igihe ingemwe zigaragaye kugirango hasigare igihingwa kimwe.
Cukura umwobo ugaragara maze ushyiremo ifumbire yaboze neza. Shyira urugemwe mu mwobo ku buryo ubutaka bwongera kungana uko bwanganaga. Subiza bwa butaka bwakungahajwe iruhande rw’ imizi, ufata igihe gihagije cyo gutsindagira ubutaka kugirango imizi ibe ifashemo. Vomerera cyane kugirango ubutaka burusheho gusubirana maze usasire ukoresheje ibikomoka ku binyabuzima kugirango uce integer ikura ry’ ibyatsi kandi ube unafumbiye igihingwa cyawe. Niba uri gutera gaperi zirenze imwe, siga hagati yazo umwanya nibura wa 120cm. Mu butaka bufata amazi, gaperi zamaze gufata zikenera kuvomererwa gahoro cyane, ariko kuvomerera ahashyushye, hari ikirere kidahehereye ni ngombwa ku bihingwa bito kandi ni ingenzi kuri gaperi zihinzwe mu bintu nk’ ibibindi.
Mu buhinzi bwa gaperi, gutegura ubutaka no gufumbira ni ngombwa, kuko gaperi zikenera intungagihingwa nyinshi, kandi iyo zidahawe intungagihingwa zikenera, birangira imbuto zitagize ishusho nziza kandi zikoroha. kora isuzuma ry’ ubutaka kugirango umenye ikigero cy’ ubusharire ubutaka busanganywe. Koresha agakoresho kabugenewe gupima ubutaka cyangwa utumire raboratwari isuzuma ubutaka ize igusuzumire ubutaka. Suzuma ubutaka amezi atandatu kugera ku mwaka mbere yo gutera kuko bishobora gutwara igihe kugirango amafumbire wongereyemo atangire kugira akamaro. Koresha ishwagara mu kugabanya ubusharire bw’ ubutaka cyangwa ukoreshe silifire mu kubwongera. Koresha igitiyo mu kwinjiza ifumbire mu butaka muri 17.7 cm zo hejuru mu butaka. Ubutaka buhingwamo gaperi bugomba kugira ubusharire bwa 6.0 kugera kuri 6.8. Niba ibisubizo by’ isuzuma bigaragaje ko Potasiyumu na Fosifore ari bike mu butaka, ongeramo ibikombe 1 ½ bya Potasiyumu fosifate n’ ibikombe 2 ½ bya superfosifate mu buryo bumwe n’ ubwavuzwe haruguru. Nyanyagiza ikiyiko 1 cya NPK 10-10-10 mu buryo bungana ku butaka bukikije buri gaperi igitangira gukura cyangwa ibyumweru bitatu nyuma yo gutera. Iyo fumbire yishyire muri cm45.72 iruhande rw’ igihingwa kandi ntutume ikora ku ruti rw’ igihingwa. Hita uvomerera ukoresheje arozwari cyangwa umupira kugirango ifumbire igere ku mizi y’ igihingwa. Tegereza ibyumweru bitandatu ubone kongera gufumbira. N’ ubundi koresha uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru. Nyanyagiza ibiyiko 2 bya NPK 10-10-10 iruhande rwa buri gaperi mu ntangiriro z’ umuhindo w’ umwaka wa kabiri. Shyira iyo fumbire mu ntera ya cm60 iruhande rw’ igihingwa maze ukivomerere cyane. Ongera ufumbire ibyumweru bitandatu nyuma yaho. Fumbira buri gaperi ukoresheje 1/3 cy’ igikombe cya NPK 10-10-10 mu ntangiriro z’ umuhindo w’ umwaka wa gatatu na buri mwaka uzakurikiraho. Nyanyagiza ifumbire ku butaka maze uvomerere.
Kuhira: Iki gihingwa gikenera gukomeza kuvomererwa kugirango kigire imbuto nziza, ariko ntikihanganira kureka kw’ amazi. Aho guca inzira z’ amazi bigoranye, ibihingwa bigomba guterwa ku buhaname buto cyangwa imirongo ikagirwa amabimba. Ushobora kurekera aho kuhira iyo imbuto ziri kwera. Igihingwa kimera nk’ igipfuye mu gihe cy’ amapfa.
GufumbIra: gaperi zisa n’ aho zera n’ iyo zititaweho. N’ ifumbire iringaniye iha imbaraga gukura kw’ ibindi bice by’ igihingwa ikagabanya kurabya. Umusaruro mwiza ugerwaho iyo hakoreshejwe ifumbire nkeya cyangwa ntinakoreshwe.
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kugabanya amashami ya gaperi Isokohttps://www.quickcrop.co.uk/blog/how-to-prune-gooseberries-and-red-white-or-black-currants/ |
Kugabanya amashami: hakenerwa kugabanya amashami ku kigero gito cyane keretse iyo ushaka guhindura igihingwa ikirandaranda. Gukuraho udushibu dushya bituma amashami arushaho gukomera kandi igihingwa kikaba kigufi.
Kubirinda ubukonje: Aho ubukonje bushobora kuba ikibazo, gutwikira igihingwa cyangwa kubitera hafi y’ urukuta cyangwa inyubako bishobora kubiha uburinzi buhagije. Ibihingwa biri byonyine biba ari bito ku buryo byatwikirizwa ibitwikirizo bya pulasitiki iteye ku bintu bikikije igihingwa mu gihe cy’ ubukonje. Ibitwikirizo by’ imirongo ya pulasitiki byanatwikira imirima minini ya gaperi. Ibihingwa bihinze mu bibindi byakimurirwa ahatagera ubukonje.
Uburyo bwo kororoka: gaperi zihingwa hakoreshejwe cyane cyane imbuto. Haba harimo hafi 5000 kugera ku 8000muri g28 zikunze kuvangwa n’ agataka cyangwa ivu kugirango niziterwa ziterwe ku kigero kingana. Imbuto zisaba ubuhehere bwinshi ngo zibashe kumera ku kigero cyiza. Ibihingwa bishobora no kororoka hakoreshejwe uduce tw’ uruti rwa gaperi imaze umwaka 1 duterwa imisemburo ituma tumera imizi. Ibihingwa byatewe muri ubu buryo birabya mbere kandi bikagira umusaruro mwiza ariko ntabwo biba bifite imbaraga nk’ iz’ ibihingwa biterwa hakoreshejwe imbuto.
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Indwara |
Ibimenyetso |
Ukobayirwanya |
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Ibivumvuri
Isoko https://www.edenseeds.com.au/?name=Gardening-Article&blogposturl=the-cape-gooseberry-bettle |
- Amababi ya gaperi araribwa. -.Urunyo rw’ iki kivumvuri ruba rusa n’ akabumbe kanyerera k’ umukara. -Ubuso bwo hasi bw’ ikibabi bwuzurwaho n’ utugi duto dufite ibara rijya gusa n’ umuhondo. |
- Guhonyora ibivumvuri n’ inyo zabyo. -Kubihungurira mu ndobo irimo amazi y’ isabune. -. Gutera igihingwa umuti w’ ifu wa derris
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https://plant.daleysfruit.com.au/l/cape-goose-berry-disease-and-pests-15558.jpeg
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Amababi arihinahina. Ntabwo amababi aba yorohereye ahubwo aba ahanda kandi ashashagirana akagira ibara ry’ icyatsi cyijimye. Amababi agwa imbuto zitarakorwa mu buryo bwuzuye. Nta kimenyetso na kimwe cy’ ubusurira cyangwa ikindi kibazo cyaterwa n’ udukoko. |
Gutera imiti ikwiriye birwanya iki kibazo.
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Indyabyatsi Inkwavu, ihene |
Izi mbuto nazo zakurura inyamaswa zimwe n’ izakururwa n’ ibindi bihingwa biryohera. |
Kuzitira umurima byanze bikunze bifasha mu guheza inyamswa nini hanze kandi no gutwikira nabyo bikongera uburinzi. |
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Inanda
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Urunyo rukeba rushobora kuba ikibazo ku ngemwe ntoya. |
Rinda ingemwe ukoresheje ibipfunyiko birinda igihingwa cyangwa unyanyagiza ibishishwa by’ amagi cyangwa ibihu by’ikawa hafi y’ indiba z’ igihingwa. |
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Urunyo rwo mu nyanya rumeze nk’ ihembe.
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Uru runyo rurya ibihingwa bwose bwo mu bwoko bwa nightshade ku buryo gapperi nazo ziri mubyo rurya.
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Genzura gaperi zawe (n’ ibindi bihingwa byose byo mu muryango umwe na zo) urebe ko iki kinyabwoya kinini cyuzuye amazi kitarimo maze ugikuremo. Ibi binyabwoya wabigaburira inkoko zikabirya cyangwa ukabihonyoza agatsitsino. |
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Gusarura no gufata neza umusaruro wa gaperi
a)Ubukure busabwa mu gusarura
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A Cape goose berry beginning to ripen 1https://gardenerspath.com/plants/fruit/grow-ground-cherries/#Growing-Tip |
Habaho uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya igihe cya nyacyo cyo gusarura gaperi, ariko ibihu biba bitwikiriye imbuto nicyo kimenyetso cy’ ingenzi ku bahinzi n’ abacuruzi kuko bihindura ibara rikareka kuba icyatsi rigahinduka nk’ irya zahabu cyangwa ikijuju iyo zeze. Ariko rero, iki kimenyetso gishidikanywaho kandi ntigituma hamenyekana ibiranga urubuto mu bigaragara. Ibishishwa, uretse kwerekana niba gaperi zasarurwa, byongera igihe urubuto rwari kuramba ho 2/3 (ÁVILA et al., 2006). Ibishishwa kandi biba bigifite umumaro wo kurinda urubuto mu buryo karemano ku buryo ari ngombwa kwirinda kubikuraho mu rwego rwo kongera ubushobozi bwazo bwo kubikika igihe kirekire (RUFATO et al., 2008). Iyo urubuto ruhishije, igishishwa kiba gisa n’ ubwatsi bwumye kandi kimeze nk’ urupapuro mu gihe urubuto rurimo imbere ruzaba rufite ibara riri hagati y’ umuhondo n’ iry’ icunga rihishije. Imbuto zifite ibishishwa by’ icyatsi zireke zibanze zihishe.
Mu gihe cy’ imvura cyangwa ikime, urubuto ntirusoromwa kugeza igihe igihingwa kizumira. Imbuto zitose zigomba kwanikwa ku zuba zikuma gahoro. Akenshi imbuto zisoromwa hakoreshejwe intoki buri byumweru 2 kugera kuri 3 n’ ubwo abahinzi bamwe na bamwe bahitamo kunyeganyeza igiti bagatoragura imbuto ziguye hasi kugirango bagire umusaruro w’ imbuto zigeze mu gihe kimwe cyo kwera.
Igiti kimwe gishobora kwera imbuto 300. Ingemwe zatewe ari 1800 kugera ku 2150 kuri Ari (228-900/ha) zera hafi kg1360 z’ imbuto kuri Ari. Akenshi imbuto zibanza gukurwaho ibishishwa mbere yo kujyanwa mu isoko cyangwa ku bazitunganya.
b)Gufata neza umusaruro
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Ikitegererezo cyo gupfunyika gaperi nyuma yo gusarurwa |
Gaperi zibasha kumara igihe kirekire zihunitswe. Imbuto zitoshye zishobora kubikwa mu kintu gipimwe zigahunikwa ahumutse zikahamara amezi menshi zikimeze neza. Niba imbuto zitoshye zigomba kohereza mu mahanga, ni ngombwa kuzirekeraho ibihu kugirango bizirinde. Mu kwita ku musaruro, ni ngombwa kwita ku bintu nk’ ibara, gukomera n’ imenyetso by’ ubuzima. Buri kiciro cyo kwita ku musaruro gitwara igihe kandi kikarushaho kubangamira cyangwa kwangiza umusaruro ukomoka ku mboga, imbuto n’ indabo. Ukwangizwa kw’ ingenzi ni ugukomerekeshwa imbaraga nk’ ibisebe, ugusaduka, gukandwa no kuryamirana bigabanya cyane ubwiza bw’ umusaruro, bikagira ingaruka ku biwuranga mu rwego rw’ ubutabire ndetse n’ urw’ ibigaragara kimwe no kongera ibyago byo gufatwa n’ uduhumyo na za bagiteri.
Kurobanura no gushyira mu byiciro- mu gihe cyo gusarura, hagomba gusarurwa imbuto zihishije kandi ibihu byazo byarahindutse ikigina bimeze nk’ urupapuro ntibigire ibara ry’ icyatsi kuko hari igihe imbuto zitaba zarahishije. Ikindi kintu cyo gukunda kuri gaperi ni uko igiti kimwe gishobora kwera toni amagana y’ imbuto. Izi mbuto ni isoko ikomeye y’ ibirinda kanseri n’ iya za vitamini A na C na za vitamini B1, B2 na B3. Tekereza kubungabunga umusaruro wawe igihe wahinze igihingwa cyera cyane. Mbere yo kuwubungabunga, kuraho ibihu wunyuguze imbuto. Ushobora kuwubungabunga ukora maseduwane cyangwa konfitire, uzumisha, uzikonjesha cyangwa uzengamo inzoga.
Gaperi zirakunzwe ku isoko ari mbisi kubera impamvu nkeya zitandukanye: gaperi zivugwaho kuba arizo mbuto zifitemo amazi mu nda zimara igihe kirekire kurusha izindi zihunitswe mu mbuto zose zicuruzwa (McKay, 2006); kandi zikanagira ishusho nziza bigatuma zigaragara neza mu bubiko bw’ abahinzi cyangwa abacuruzi. Abaguzi bamwe bashobora gutinda kwemera kugura urubuto badasanzwe bazi, bityo kugira inyandiko z’ ubuntu zisobanura urubuto n’ ubwiza bwarwo bishobora gufasha.
Ishusho y’ uko gaperi zipakirwa muri za etajeri z’ amangazini.
Isoko: https://gardenerspath.com/plants/fruit/grow-ground-cherries/#Cultivars-to-Select
Ubundi buryo bwo kongerera gaperi agaciro ni ukuzitunganya. Gaperi zibikika neza zikonjeshejwe, kandi zagiye zitunganywamo ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo maseduwane n’ amavuta, imitobe y’ umwimerere; vino; ndetse na yawurute, n' ibindi byinshi (Bratsch & Williams, 2009) (Dinstel, 2013)
Amashakiro:
https://www.selinawamucii.com/produce/fruits-and-vegetables/rwanda-cape-gooseberries/
http://southafrica.co.za/cape-gooseberries.html
https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/9-marvelous-health-benefits-of-cape-gooseberries-rasbharies-167067
https://www.edenseeds.com.au/?name=Gardening-Article&blogposturl=the-cape-gooseberry-bettle
http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/content/cape-gooseberry.htm
https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/cape_gooseberry.html#Culture
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782014000600002
https://homeguides.sfgate.com/fertilize-currants-gooseberries-28893.htm
https://gardenerspath.com/plants/fruit/grow-ground-cherries/
https://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/grow-plants/how-to-grow-gooseberries/