MIDUGUDU Y’ UBUCURUZI KU KONGERERA TUNGURUSUMU AGACIRO

Iriburiro

Tungurusumu (Allium sativum) ni ubwoko bw’ uruboga rubarizwa mu muryango wa amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae). Ruri mu bwoko shingiro bumwe n’ ibitunguru , puwaro n’ ibndi bias nabyo Amoko ya tungurusumu akoreshwa nk’ ibiribwa n’ ibyatsi by’ ubuvuzi. Igitunguru cyangwa umutwe wa tungurusumu uba urimo udutunguru duto 4 kugera kuri 20. Amoko y’ ingenzi ya tungurusumu ni inkondo yoroshye (Allium sativum var. sativum) na inkondo ikomeye (Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon). Inkondo yoroshye ni bwo bwoko bw’ ingenzi mu bucuruzi bukagira udutunguru twinshi.

Tungurusumu ku isi yose zikundirwa icyanga cyazo cy’ ibirungo. Icyanga gikomeye cya tungurusumu mbisi gituruka ku mpinduka mu by’ ubutabire zibaho iyo utunyangingo tw’ utugirangingo twangiritse tugatanga umusemburo alliinase n’ ikinyabutabire allin. Allin ihindurwa alicin ariyo itera icyanga cya tungurusumu. Umusemburo alliinase ugirwaho ingaruka cyane n’ ubushyuhe bigatuma wangizwa igihe cyo guteka. Amoko ya tungurusumu agira ibara ry’ iroza cyangwa umutuku uruhu rw’ agapapuro agira icyanga gikize cyane.

Tungurusumu zigira intungamubiri nyinshi zirimo kalisiyumu, fosifore, Seliniyumu, vitamini C, Manganeze na vitamini B6. Na none kandi, udutunguru duto tuzwiho kugira urusobe rw’ inyungu mu buvuzi rufasha mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w’ amaraso, ibibazo by’ ubuhumekero, kugabanya ingano y’ amavuta mu maraso, n’ ibindi. Tungurusumu kandi zagaragajwe ko zigira ubushobozi buhanitse bwo kurwanya Diyabete, kugabanya cholesterol mu maraso, kurwanya amibe (Entamoeba spp) n’ ubushobozi bwo kurinda utunyangingo tw’ ubwonko (Bisen and Emerald, 2016). Ibikomoka kuri tungurusumu byongerewe agaciro bigira inyungu nyinshi mu by’ ubuzima.

Tungurusumu iri mu birungo bikoreshwa kurusha ibindi no mu bimera bikoreshwa mu buvuzi ku isi yose. Inyinshi mu nyungu zayo mu by’ ubuvuzi zituruka ku itsinda ry’ ibinyabutabire ryitwa allicine. Ibi binyabutabire bya allicine bigira uruhare mu kuba tungurusumu zirwanya ibitera kanseri no mu itegurwa rya tungurusumu. Bigira umumaro wo kurwanya kanseri y’ ibihaha na za kanseri z’ urwungano ngogozi. Allicine kandi zigabanya ibibazo bya ateroscerose binyuze mu guhindura proteyine no kubuza inyunyuzwa rya proteyine y’ ibinure ifite uburemere bukeya. Allicine nanone zigira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya za mikorobe, kurwanya bagiteri nyinshi, uduhumyo na za Virusi. Ni kuri iyi mpamvu tungurusumu n’ ibiyikomokaho bikoreshwa mu kuvura ibicurane n’ inkorora kimwe na asima na Bronshite.

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwakoreshwa mu kongerera tungurusumu zasaruwe agaciro. Uretse inyungu mu by’ ubuzima, kongerera tungurusumu agaciro bigira inyungu nyinshi nko kuzamura ibyinjizwa n’ umusaruro wo mu murima no gutuma tungurusumu ziboneka nyuma y’ igihembwe cyazo bigatuma igiciro ku isoko kidahindagurika.

Tungurusumu z’ inkondo ikomeye

3.1 Gusukura

Nyuma yo gusarura tungurusumu, zigomba gusukurwa hakurwaho utunyabuzima duto two ku buso, ubutaka n’ ubuhehere butera kubora. Gusukura birimo gukuraho imizi, amababi n’ ibyinshi mu bihu by’ inyuma byanduye. Hakenewe gusukura gukoranywe ubwitonzi mu kwirinda gukomeretsa udutunguru duto hirindwa ko utunyabuzima duto twangiza ubuziranenge twakinjira. Nanone kandi, ibihu bimeze nk’ impapuro bigomba kurekerwaho, hagakurwaho ibice byanduye kurusha ibindi kuko uruhu rumeze nk’ urupapuro ari ingenzi mu kurinda tungurusumu no gutuma ikomeza kuba mbisi. Kuri tungurusumu z’ inkondo iikomeye, ugomba gukata umutwe ugasiga intera ihagije kugirango kuvuna byorohe.

Ibitunguru byasukuwe bigomba kubikwa ahakonje, hagera umwuka neza mu duhago dusukuye tugeramo umwuka cyangwa amakarito y’ imboga, indabo n’ imbuto mu kubirinda kumera.

3.2 Ikurwaho ry’ ibice bitaribwa

Tungurusumu zigira uruhu rumeze nk’ urupapuro rugomba gukurwaho tungurusumu ikanzwe cyane hakoreshejwe uruhande rubwase rw’ icyuma kugeza udutunguru turekuranye. Cyangwa se, tungurusumu ishobora gukandwa cyane ku kibaho gikatirwaho cyangwa igakandwa hakoreshejwe igice cy’ inyuma cy’ ikiganza maze uruhu rugacika. Nyuma yo kumena, igice kimeze nk’ urupapuro kiba cyoroshye kugikuraho, mu gukuraho igice cy’ inyuma, birakenewe kwirinda kwangiza ubuso bw’ agatunguru. Nyuma y’ iyi mirimo, ushobora gushyira udutunguru mu icupa cyangwa isorori y’ icyuma maze igacugusa amasegonda 30 kugirango uvane uruhu mu dutunguru cyangwa ukavanaho uruhu ukoresheje ibiganza byawe.

Tungurusumu zakuweho ibice bitaribwa

3.3 Kugabanya umubyimba

Gutandukanya/kugabanya umubyimba bikorerwa kugabanya ingano ya tungurusumu, cyane cyane mu gukata. Gukata tungurusumu bikorwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gityaye ku rubaho rukatirwaho aho buri gatunguru gakatwa mu ngano n’ ishusho byifuzwa. Umushongi wa tungurusumu ukorwa hakoreshejwe ibyakamuwe muri tungurusumu cyangwa hagakoreshwa akuma gakanda tungurusumu niba hakenewe tungurusumu zikaswe neza. Kugabanya ingano mbere yo gutunganya hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe byongera ikigero cy’ ugutambuka k’ ubushyuhe gutunganya bikarushaho kugenda neza.

Gukata tungurusumu hakoreshejwe icyuma

4.0 Amahame n’ uburyo bwo kongera agaciro

Ikoranabuhanga ry’ iyongeragaciro rigira akamaro mu gukora urusobe rw’ ibikomoka kuri tungurusumu byongerewe agaciro. Imirimo yose ikorwa hagamijwe ko ibicuruzwa bigira agaciro kisumbuyeho kandi bikarushaho kwifuzwa n’ abaguzi ni uburyo bwo kongera agaciro. Hariho inyungu nyinshi zituruka mu kongerera tungurusumu agaciro harimo izi zikurikira.

1. Iyongeragaciro ryongera ibyinjizwa bituruka mu musaruro wa tungurusumu.
2. Ubucuruzi bw’ iyongeragaciro butanga amahirwe y’ umurimo ku bantu benshi bagira uruhare mu murimo uwo ariwo wose mu igize iyongeragaciro.
3. Ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro biboneka umwaka wose harimo na tungurusumu igihe kitari icyazo.
4. Ibyinshi mu bicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro biramba kurushaho
5. Gutunganya tungurusumu bigabanya ibihombo bya nyuma y’ isarura.

4.1 Kurinda umusaruro kwangirika n’ uburyo bwakoreshwa

Tungurusumu zishobora kubikwa amezi menshi kandi ubuziranenge bwazo bubungabungwa. Amoko y’ inkondo iyoroshye ashobora kubikika igihe kigeze ku mezi 9 iyo abitswe mu bubiko bwagenewe kubika ibicuruzwa kuri ⁰C0. Zishobora kumara ukwezi kumwe kugera kuri abiri iyo zibitswe kuri ⁰C 20 kugera kuri 30. Amoko y’ inkondo ikomeye abikika amezi 6 ahabugenewe.

It is not ideal storing garlic at a refrigerator of 40°F, or 4°C as this temperature stimulates garlic sprouting. Optimum conditions for garlic storage is a cool, dry and well-aerated environment. Storage at cool (60°F, or 16°C), dry, dark conditions will keep garlic for 3 to 6 months. Garlic's quality deteriorates on sprouting even though it's not poisonous. The cloves can still be cut, and the green part removed if there is a need to consume.

Ntabwo ari byiza guhunika tungurusumu muri frigo ya ⁰C4 kuko ubu bushyuhe butuma zimera. Ahantu heza ho guhunika tungurusumu ni ahakonje, humutse kandi hagera umwuka uhagije. Guhunika ahakonje (⁰C6), humutse hijimye bituma tungurusumu zimara amezi 3 kugera kuri 6. Ubuziranenge bwa tungurusumu burangirika iyo ziri kumera n’ ubwo zitaba ari uburozi. Udutunguru tuba tugishobora gukatwa, igice cy’ icyatsi kibisi kikavanwaho niba bikenewe ko ziribwa.  

Uburyo bwo kurinda tungurusumu kwangirika burimo ubu bukurikira:

i.Kumisha

Kumisha ni uburyo bumenyerewe bwo kubungabunga tungurusumu. Bugamije kugabanya ibikorwa bisaba amazi muri tungurusumu mbisi no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kumera. Kumisha ni intambwe y’ ingenzi mbere yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya tungurusumu zakuwemo amazi mu kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa. Ubu buryo bushobora kugerwaho binyuze mu kwanika ku zuba hanze. Kumisha ku zuba, kumisha mu ifuru, kumisha mu mwuka ushyushye, kumisha hakoreshejwe imirasire ya infra-red no kumisha ku gatanda kasutsweho ibisukika. Ibibazo by’ ubuziranenge bijyanye no kumisha birimo ugutakaza icyanga no kuba tungurusumu zumishijwe zisubizwamo amazi bigoranye. Iyo ari ukumisha ku zuba, igicuruzwa cyumishwa gisaswa kitagerekeranye aho kigerwaho n’ izuba neza. Ni ngombwa ko ubuhehere bw’ikirere buba buke. Ubu buryo buroroshye ariko bufite ibibi byinshi nko kwanduzwa n’ ivumbi, umwanda n’ uguhumana kw’ ikirere; kwangizwa n’ imbeba n’ udusimba; kuma buhoro buhoro; bitwara igihe kirekire; no guhumanywa na za mikorobe. Kumisha ukoresheje imirasire bikoresha ingufu zituruka ku zuba zihurizwa hamwe maze zigakoreshwa mu kubiza uvanamo amazi mu kiribwa. Ibi bigira akarusho birusha kumisha bisanzwe ku zuba mu kuba ubuhehere bw’ umwuka wumishirizwamo bugabanywa, guhumanywa kukagabanywa ku kigero cyo hasi, igihe cyo gushyushywa kikagabanywa kandi ubuziranenge bw’ igicuruzwa cya nyuma bukaba buri hejuru kurutaho. Kumisha hakoreshejwe imirasire y’ izuba ni bwo buryo buruta ubundi mu kubungabunga ibirungo. Bifite akarusho ko kuba atari ukongera ukuramba kw’ igicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo n’ ibara ndetse n’ ubuziranenge mu by’ intungamubiri birusaho gutungana ugereranyije n’ ubundi buryo bwo kumisha. Niba igicuruzwa cyateguwe neza kandi inzira zo kumisha zikubahirizwa neza, ubuhehere bwa nyuma butekanye bw’ 10-15% bushobora kugerwaho mu kumisha hakoreshejwe izuba.

ii.Gukonjesha

Gukonjesha bishobora gukorwa nyuma yo gutegura tungurusumu mu buryo bwihariye. Zishobora gukatwa no gufunikwa mu duhago twa pulasitiki dukonjesha. Ariko rero, udutunguru twa tungurusumu, twaba dutonoye cyangwa tudatonoye, dushobora gushyirwa mu duhago dukonjesha twa pulasitiki. Udutunguru twa tungurusumu dushobora no gutonorwa no gukamurwa hakoreshejwe amavuta maze uwo mushongi ukabikwa mu gipfunyika gifunze neza hagamijwe gukonjesha. Uru ruvange rugomba guhita rushyirwa muri firizeri mu kwirinda ikura rya bagiteri ya Clostridium botulinum ku bushyuhe busanzwe.

iii.Kubika muri firigo

Tungurusumu zishobora kwinikwa mu muvinyo udafunguye cyangwa vinegere ngo zibe muri aside mbere yo gushyirwa muri firigo. Uku kuba aside bigamije kurinda ikura rya Clostridium botulinum ivubura uburozi bwica butera indwara ya botulisimu irangwa no kutabona neza, kunanirwa kuvuga no guhumeka na pararize yiyongera. Uru ruvange rushobora guhunikwa amezi agera kuri 4. Kuzihunika igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma zizaho uruhumbu zikanatakaza icyanga. Ukugaragara kw’ uruhumbu kose mu ruvange rw’ umuvinyu/vinegere bitera ibyago, kandi urwo ruvange ntiruba ruboneye kuribwa.

iv.Guhunika tungurusumu mu mavuta

Tungurusumu zatonowe zishobora kwinikwa mu mavuta zigahunikwa muri firigo. Uru ruvange rushobora kumara muri firigo igihe kitarenze iminsi 4. Tungurusumu zigira aside nkeya, bityo uruvange rwa tungurusumu mu mavuta ntirukwiriye guhunikwa ku bushyuhe busanzwe kuko bifasha ikura rya Clostridium botulinum. Uko kuba aside ari nkeya, nta mwuka kandi hashyushye byorohereza ikura rya Clostridium botulinum (Abo et al., 2014). Ni ngombwa rero ko nyuma yo gutegura uhita ushyira uruvange muri firigo.

Ibicuruzwa bya tungurusumu mu mavuta bigamije gucuruzwa bigomba kuvangwa na aside ya sitirike cyangwa fosuforike mu kuzamura ikigero cya aside no gutuma birushaho kuba byujuje ubuziranenge (Harris, 2016).

5.0 Ikoranabuhanga ry’ iyongeragaciro

5.1 Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya imboga

Gutunganya imboga birarushaho kwitabirwa kubera uruhare rwabyo mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge no kongera igihe imboga zisanzwe zangirika ziramba. Tungurusumu ni uruboga rugira igitunguru rutangirika cyane. Uguhunika kutaboneye n’ inzira z’ ubwikorezi bitera hafi 30% by’ ukwangirika k’ umusaruro. Imirimo myinshi igize ugutunganya imboga irimo nko gushyira mu byiciro, koza, gutonora, kugabanya ingano, gukonjesha, kuvanamo amazi no gufunga mu bikombe.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya tungurusumu ritanga amahirwe yo kongera agaciro kuvanamo amazi bikaba aribwo buryo bw’ ingenzi bwo kongerera tungurusumu agaciro. Ibice bya tungurusumu byakuwemo amazi n’ ifu ya tungurusumu nibyo bicuruzwa bya tungurusumu byongerewe agaciro by’ ingenzi mu byoherezwa mu mahanga.

 

5.2 Ibikomoka kuri tungurusumu byongerewe agaciro

Ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri tungurusumu byongerewe agaciro birimo ibice bya tungurusumu byakuwemo amazi, amavuta ya tungurusumu, umuti wica udukoko wa tungurusumu, vinegere ya tungurusumu, isosi ya pesto ya tungurusumu, tungurusumu zaminjiriwe na tungurusumu zakaswe (Gorrepati & Khade, 2020).

1.Uduce twakuwemo amazi

kumisha bivanamo amazi yorohereza ikora rya za mikorobe. Ibice byakuwemo amazi biraramba kubera imirimo y’ ibinyabutabire n’ isanzwe itifuzwa mu gihe cyo guhunika. Ibice bya tungurusumu bitegurwa hatoranywa tungurusumu zujuje ubuziranenge mbere yo kuzitunganya. Ibice by’ inyuma bikomeye, byumye, by’ ibitunguru na tungurusumu bikurwaho n’ intoki. Uruhu rw’ inyuma rwa tungurusumu ruharurwaho hakoreshejwe icyuma. Ibitunguru bya tungurusumu bihita byozwa mu mazi meza bikurikirwa no gusukura hakoreshejwe uruvange rwa kororine no kunyuguza mu yandi mazi asukuye. Zihita zitonorwa, zigakatwa, zikabanza gusukurwa no kumishwa muri tekiniki iyo ariyo yose iboneye nk’ uko byagaragajwe mu bice byo kumisha hejuru.

Uduce twavanywemo amazi

 

 

Intambwe zo gutegura uduce twavanywemo amazi

 

Uruhererekane rw’ imirimo yo kuvana amazi muri tungurusumu

 

 

                                                                   

2.Ifu ya tungurusumu

Ifu ya tungurusumu ikorwa binyuze mu gusya uduce twavanywemo amazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusya bukomeretsa cyangwa ubukoresha inyundo tugahindurwamo ifu inoze. Iyi fu ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutegura amafunguro nko mu gutegura ibicuruzwa by’ imigati, amasupu, kuryoshya ibicuruzwa byokejwe. Ifu ya tungurusumu inyunyuza amazi mu mwuka, bityo ikeneye gupakirwa neza. Ifu ya tungurusumu irakunzwe cyane mu mvange z’ ibirungo no mu bisigwa byumye. Ikoreshwa mu kurunga inyama n’ imboga, kandi iremewe kongerwa ku biribwa byoroheje nk’ injugu n’ ubunyobwa bukaranze. Ifu ya tungursumu ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gutegura amafunguro afite Sodiyumu nkeya ngo arusheho kuryoha.

Ifu ya tungurusumu

 

3.Tungurusumu zinitse

Kwinika tungurusumu bikorwa hongerwamo vinegere cyangwa amavuta. Ibiminjirwa bishingiye ku mavuta bisaba kongerwamo ibindi birungo n’ ibiringaniza ubusharire kugirango tungurusumu zibe muri aside ifite ubusharire buri munsi ya 4 kugirango utunyabuzima duto tutabasha kororoka mu gihe bihunitswe igihe kirekire.

Tungurusumu zinitse

 

 

 

4.Amavuta ya tungurusumu

Amavuta ya tungurusumu akorwa binyuze mu gukamura hifashishijwe uruvange rwo kubiza no kuyungurura bya gihanga. Amavuta ya tungurusumu ashobora gukoreshwa nk’ icyongera uburyohe, ikirinda kwangirika no mu buvuzi .  Tungurusumu yakoreshejwe ku ndwara z’ imitsi itwara amaraso (ateroskererosisi) n’ umuvuduko ukabije w’ amaraso (iperitansiyo). Bimwe mu bicuruzwa byunganira ibimera/amafunguro byagaragaye ko bishobora kuba birimo imyanda/ibyongewemo bigira ingaruka mbi.

Amavuta ya tungurusumu

5.Umutsima wa tungurusumu

Umutsima wa tungurusumu ukorwa binyuze mu gutonora no gusya tungurusumu kugeza zibaye umutsima. Uwo mutsima uratunganywa wongerwamo ibiwubungabunga cyangwa hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe kugirango ubashe guhunikika igihe kirekire utangijwe na za mikorobe. Gupakira neza nabyo birakenewe mu guhunika uwo mutsima igihe kirekire.

 Umutsima wa tungurusumu

6.Tungurusumu zatunganyijwe ku kigero cyo hasi

Tungurusumu zatunganyijwe ku kigero cyo hasi zitegurwa binyuze mu gutonora no gukata tungurusumu hagamijwe kugabanya ku kigero cyo hasi igihe bifata mu gutegura no guteka tungurusumu. Gutegura tungurusumu bishobora gukoreshwa intoki, ariko iyo ari izikenewe mu bucuruzi hakoreshwa imashini kubera ko haba hakenewe ingano nini. Ibi bicuruzwa byatunganyijwe ku kigero cyo hasi byangirika vuba; bityo, kubipakira neza birakorwa mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bwabyo. Kubika muri firigo tungurusumu zatunganijwe ku kigero cyo hasi nabyo byakorwa igihe gito.

Tungurusumu zatunganyijwe ku kigero cyo hasi

 

7.Tungurusumu zokeje

Tungurusumu zokeje ziraryoha kandi zikoreshwa nk’ ikirungo cyongera icyanga. Zishobora no gukoreshwa nk’ ifunguro ryo ku ruhande ry’ imboga cyangwa zigafatwa mbere gato yo gufata imigati cyangwa imineke/utunyobwa. Tungurusumu zokeje zishobora gutunganywa mu buryo bworoshye zokejwe mu ifuru iminota 40-45 kuri ⁰C 50-60, cyangwa kugeza igihe imitwe yazo yoroshye, ihumura kandi yahiye. Kotsa bikorwa buhoro bohoro mu kugabanya umunuko uterwa na allicin yo muri tungurusumu.

Tungurusumu zokeje

6.0 Iriburio ku guharanira ubuziranenge bw’ igicuruzwa

Uruganda rutunganya tungurusumu rushobora guharanira kugenzura ubuziranenge rukoresheje izi ngamba zikurikira zo kugenzura ubuziranenge:

1. Hagomba kuba hagaragajwe ibyihariye kuri tungurusumu zigiye gutunganywa
2. Igicuruzwa kigomba kubahiriza ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge byagaragajwe, kandi kigapakirwa neza.
3. Hakenewe uburyo bwo gutunganya bwihariye bujyanye n’ amabwiriza agenga imikorere.
4. Gushyiraho uburyo bw’ ubugenzuzi buhanitse buyobora imirimo yose y’ itunganya n’ ubuzirane bwa nyuma bw’ ibicuruzwa bya tungurusumu.

6.1 Ubuziranenge kw’ ibiribwa n’ ibipimo byo gutunganya tungurusumu

Kudahumana kw’ ibiribwa ni icy’ ingenzi kigomba kwitabwaho mu guhunika imboga kuko zigira aside nkeya kandi zishobora kuba isoko ya Clostridium botulinum iteza ibyago. Tungurusumu ni rumwe mu mboga zigira aside nkeya bityo ikaba yibasirwa cyane n’ ikura rya bagiteri Clostridium botulinum. Aka kanyabuzima kaba mu mazi, umwuka no mu butaka. Kabaho neza mu mavuta ahatagera umwuka. Bityo, imvange za tungurusumu zisaba kwita kuri byinsi bijyanye n’ uguhunika kugirango hirindwa ikura rya Clostridium botulinum. Imvange za tungurusumu n’ amavuta zo gucuruzwa zongerwamo aside hirindwa ikura rya za mikorobe. Biba byiza guhunika izi mvange zahinduwe urubura kugirango zirambe kurushaho. Kubika muri firigo ntabwo ari byiza kuko za bagiteri zigira ingaruka mbi zishobora gukurira mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo muri za firigo. Niba zihunitswe muri firigo, izo mvange zigomba kumara iminsi itarenze 4, nyuma yaho zigatabwa cyangwa zigahindurwa urubura hirindwa ko zabora. Tungurusumu zidatunganyijwe zihunitswe muri vinegere zishobora guhunikwa ku bushyuhe busanzwe. Ibicuruzwa byahunitswe bikeneye gushyirwaho ibirango mu byo bipakiwemo ngo hagaragazwe itariki byateguriweho n’ italiki bitakagombye kurenza bitarakoreshwa(C & Woodburn, 2015)..

Ingamba zigamije guharanira ubuziranenge bw’ ibiribwa mu mirimo ijyana na tungurusumu zigomba kuba zirimo ibi bikurikira:

1. Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ubutungane bw’ ibiribwa.
2. Kubahiriza imitunganyirize myiza (GMPs), harimo isuku (GHP) n’ imihingire myiza (GAP)
3. Kugenzura ibihumanya ibiribwa mu byiciro byose by’ uruhererekane rw’ ibiribwa. Icy’ ingenzi mu kugabanya ibyago byo guhumana mu biribwa ni ugushyira mu bikorwa amahame y’ isuzuma ry’ ibihumanya n’ igihe cy’ ingenzi cyo kubirwanya.

 

6.2 Iby’ ibanze biranga ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge

• Gusobanura imiterere y’ igicuruzwa yifuzwa nk’ ingano ntarengwa y’ ibisigazwa
• Guhura n’ ibisabwa shingiro bijyanye nayo
• Kugaragaza imirongo migari yo gukora imirimo
• Kuba aboneka kandi agakoreshwa mu byiciro byose byo gutunganya ibiribwa
• Agaragaza ibisabwa uburyo bw’ imicungire, nk’ inyandiko zisabwa

6.3 Akamaro k’ ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge

• Gutuma ibicuruzwa biba byizewe.
• Kurinda ubuzima
• Kuzamura ubwemerwe mpuzamahanga bw’ ibicuruzwa.
• Bifasha mu kugaragaza ibibura kandi bikubakira ku mbaraga ziriho mu rusobe rw’ imikorere ihari.
• Kugaragaza  guhuza n’ ibipimo mpuzamahanga n’ ibisabwa byashyirwa mu ngiro bitegetswe.
• Agabanya ibyago byo kugaragaza ibibazo mu bwizerwe bw’ ibicuruzwa

7.0 Ugukurikirana igicuruzwa

Ugukurikirana ni ubushobozi bwo kurobanura, kumenya no gukurikira urugendo rw’ ikiribwa cyangwa ikindi cyose cyitezweho gushyirwa mu kiribwa, mu byiciro byose by’ itunganywa n’ isaranganywa("Food Traceability Guidance", 2017).

Ugukurikirana kugamije kurinda abaguzi binyuze mu kumenya neza kandi byihuse igicuruzwa cyitabwaho. Ni ingingo y’ ingenzi mu guharanira ubwizerwe bw’ ibiribwa no guharanira ubuziranenge. Mu gihe hari ikibazo cyagaragaye mu gicuruzwa, kugarura igicuruzwa, ni ukuvuga kugaruza igicuruzwa bishingiye ku mutekano w’ ibiribwa cyangwa ku buziranenge bikorwa ikiribwa kivanwa ku isoko mu cyiciro icyo aricyo cyose cy’ uruhererekane rw’ ibiribwa. Gushyira ibirango ku biribwa bigaragaza ingingo zishobora kuba ingenzi mu nzira yo kugikurikirana.

 

Inyandiko zifasha mu kubika amakuru y’ ingenzi ahuza igicuruzwa cyatunganyijwe n’ ibikigize kandi bigatanga amakuru y’ ingenzi mu ikurikiranwa. Ni ngombwa gusuzuma mu buryo buhoraho niba gahunda y’ ikurikiranwa ikorwa nk’ uko bisabwa. Guhorana amakuru mashya mu by’ ikurikirana ni ngombwa kuko bituma ikurikirana rikorwa neza.

7.1  Ibigize urusobe rwo gukurikirana

Bitatu by’ ingenzi bigize urwungano rw’ ikurikiranwa birimo ibi bikurikira:

1. Kumenya ibiranga igicuruzwa
2. Amakuru akenewe mu gukurikirana urugendo rw’ igicuruzwa/ikintu mu ruhererekane rw’ igemura
3. Gushyiraho ihuzanzira hagati y’ igicuruzwa/ikintu n’ ufite uruhare mu ruhererekane rw’ igemura

7.2 Ibitagomba kubura mu kubaka urusobe rw’ ugukurikirana

1. Kumenya ukora ibiribwa 
2. Kumenya igikurikiranwa no kugishyiraho ibirango
3. Kubika amakuru arimo amakuru akurikiranwa na kopi za resi z’ ugucuruza kose kwakozwe.
4. Uruhererekane rwa ba nyiri igikurikiranwa rugomba kugaragazwa. Rugomba guhuzwa n’ urugendo rw’ igikurikiranwa n’ ihererekanywa rw’ amakuru y’ icyo gicuruzwa n’ amakuru yafashwe.
5. Kugarura ku ruganda no kugikura ku isoko

8.0 Kubungabunga ibikoresho n’ imikoreshereze

Several types of equipment/processors have been developed for garlic processing. Some of the equipment, mainly used for commercial purposes, include size reduction mechanical slicers, garlic graders, garlic bulb breaker, garlic clove flaker, dry garlic peel remover and fresh garlic clove peeler (Prasad, 2020).  All the equipment, both for manual and mechanical use, need to maintained using the preventive, predictive and corrective maintenance.

Amoko menshi y’ ibikoresho byakorewe gutunganya tungurusumu. Bimwe muri ibyo bikoresho, cyane cyane ibikoreshwa hagamijwe ubucuruzi, birimo udukata dukoreshwa n’ amaboko tugabanya ingano, udushyira tungurusumu mu byiciro, akamena igitunguru cya tungurusumu, agakata udutunguru twa tungurusumu mo uduce, agakuraho igihu cya tungurusumu zumye n’ agatonora tungurusumu mbisi. Ibi bikoresho byose, byaba ibikoreshwa n’ amaboko cyangwa ibikoreshwa n’ izindi ngufu, bikenera kubungabungwa hakoreshejwe ibungabunga rikumira, iriteganya n’ irikemura ikibazo.

8.1 Ibungabunga rikumira

Ibungabunga rikumira rigizwe no kwita ku bikoresho hagamijwe kubigumisha mu mikorere myiza binyuze mu gusuzuma mu buryo buhoraho no kwitegereza bigamije gutahura no gukosora ubusembwa mbere y’ uko byangirika burundu. Rigamije kongera ukuramba kw’ igikoresho/igitunganya binyuze mu gutegenya ukunanirwa gukora kandi rigamije kuzamura umutekano no kongera umusaruro. Ibungabunga rikumira ritanga imikorere yizewe kandi myiza y’ ibikoresho/ibitunganya kandi rikanoza imikorere.

Birindwi by’ ibanze bigize ibungabunga rikumira birimo kugerageza, kukitaho, kuringaniza, gusuzuma, guhuza, gushyira ku murongo no gusubiza igice cy’ igikoresho mu mwanya wacyo

8.2 Ibungabunga riteganya

Ibungabunga riteganya rigizwe no kumenya imikorere y’ igikoresho hakagereranywa igihe imirimo y’ ibungabunga izaba ikenewe. Rizwi kandi nk’ ibungabunga rishingira k’ uko ibintu bimeze kandi rikora binyuze mu kugenzura imikorere y’ igikoresho n’ uko ibintu bimeze mu gihe cy’ imikorere isanzwe hagabanywa ibyago by’ iko igikoresho cyananirwa gukora. Ibungabunga rishingiye k’ uko ibintu bimeze riteganya ibyago by’ uko igikoresho cyapfa mu bihe runaka, hashingiwe ku bigaragara bimwe na bimwe bigakurikirwa no kwirinda uko gupfa binyuze mu ibungabunga rikemura ikibazo rikorwa mu buryo bwapanzwe kandi buhoraho. Ibikoresho n’ imirimo y’ itunganya bigomba gukurikiranwa mu buryo buhoraho. Ayo makuru akusanywa mu bihe runaka ku mivuduko itagibwa munsi kandi hahindurwa aho urushinge ruri. Akamaro k’ ibungabunga riteganya ni ugutuma bishoboka gupanga ibungabunga rikemura ibibazo no kwirinda ugupfa gutunguranye kw’ ibikoresho.

8.3  Ibungabunga rikemura ibibazo

Ibungabunga rikemura ibibao rigizwe no gusana ibikoresho byananiwe gukora. Iri bungabunga rikorwa hamenyekana ugupfa no gukora icyapfuye kugirango igikoresho kigarurwe mu mikorere isanzwe. Ni ngombwa mu gukosora igikoresho gusubiza igikoresho mu mikorere isanzwe no kwita ku mirimo ishobora kuba ijyanye n’ umutekano cyangwa igira ingaruka ku itunganya. Intambwe zikurikira nizo zikurikizwa mu ibungabunga rikemura ibibazo:

i.Kwemeza ubupfu bwagaragaye

ii.Ubupfu bw’ igikoresho bwagaragaye butegurirwa gukosorwa kandi raporo yabwo igakorwa.

iii.Kumenya aho igice cyapfuye giherereye no kugikura mu bindi ku mashini.

iv.Gukuramo igice cyapfuye kigasanwa cyangwa kikajugunywa. Niba kijugunywe, igice gishyashya kirazanwa ngo gishyirwemo.

v.Nyuma yo gusana, ongera uteranye, usubize ku murongo maze uringanize igikoresho ugisubize mu mirimo.

9.0 Umwanzuro

Tungurusumu ni uruboga rw’ agaciro rukoreshwa mu mirimo inyuranye yo gutegura amafunguro bitewe n’ icyanga cyayo cy’ ibirungo kiryoshya amafunguro n’ inyungu zikomeye mu bijyanye n’ ubuzima. Ikoreshwa rinyuranye rya tungurusumu n’ ibikomoka kuri tungurusumu risaba ko tungurusumu zitunganywa, zikongererwa agaciro kandi zikabungabungwa ngo ibikomoka kuri tungurusumu bibashe kuboneka mu bihembwe byose no kongera ubuziranenge bwa tungurusumu n’ ukuramba kwazo.

Ubwizerwe bw’ ibiribwa ni ingenzi mu byiciro byose by’ uruhererekane ngenagaciro rwa tungurusumu guhera kuva zisaruwe kugera ziriwe. Hariho amabwiriza yashyizweho agamije kuzuza ibisabwa n’ amabwiriza y’ ubuziranenge mu mirimo y’ iyongeragaciro ngo bifashe kugera ku bipimo mpuzamahanga byashyizweho n’ ibisabwa byategetswe. Ugukurikirana igicuruzwa no kubungabunga ibikoresho ni bimwe mu bigize ingamba zigamije umutekano n’ amabwiriza yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bigogmba guhama mu ruhererekane ngenagaciro rwa tungurusumu.

 

 

10.0 Amashakiro

1. Abo, B., Bevan, J., Greenway, S., Healy, B., & McCurdy, S. (2014). Acidification of Garlic and Herbs for Consumer Preparation of Infused Oils [Ebook]. Retrieved 29 November 2020, from http://www.foodprotection.org/files/food-protection-trends/Jul-Aug-14-Abo.pdf.
2. Bhandari, P. (2012). Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review of potential therapeutic applications. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 6(2), 118. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.102826
3. C, R., & Woodburn, M. (2015). Food Safety & Preservation: Herbs and Vegetables in Oil [Ebook]. Retrieved 29 November 2020, from https://extension.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/documents/8836/sp50701herbsandvegetablesinoil.pdf.
4. Food Traceability Guidance. Fao.org. (2017). Retrieved 29 November 2020, from http://www.fao.org/3/i7665en/I7665EN.pdf.
5. Gorrepati, K., & Khade, Y. (2020). Mouth-watering value-added products of onion and garlic [Ebook]. Retrieved 29 November 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342521088_Mouth-watering_value-added_products_of_onion_and_garlic.
6. Harris, L. (2016). Garlic: Safe Methods to Store, Preserve, and Enjoy [Ebook]. Retrieved 29 November 2020, from http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/files/251548.pdf.
7. Hui, Y. Handbook of vegetables and vegetable processing.
8. Nichols, J. (2015). Stinking facts about garlic. MSU Extension. Retrieved 29 November 2020, from https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/stinking_facts_about_garlic.
9. Prasad, R. (2020). Technology Package of Garlic Processing for Value Addition. Rutag.iitd.ac.in. Retrieved 29 November 2020, from http://rutag.iitd.ac.in/rutag/?q=projects/garlic-processing.
10. Preserving Onions and Garlic | College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences | Clemson University, South Carolina. Clemson.edu. (2020). Retrieved 28 November 2020, from https://www.clemson.edu/extension/food/canning/canning-tips/31preserving-onions-garlic.html.
11. Puranik, V., Srivastava, P., Mishra, V., & Saxena, D. (2012). Effect of Different Drying Techniques on the Quality of Garlic: A Comparative Study. American Journal Of Food Technology, 7(5), 311-319. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajft.2012.311.319
12. Shaw, H. (2020). How to Preserve Garlic - Preserved Garlic Recipe | Hank Shaw. Hunter Angler Gardener Cook. Retrieved 27 November 2020, from https://honest-food.net/how-to-preserve-garlic/.
13. Singh, A. (2014). Effect of Drying Characteristics of Garlic-A Review. Journal Of Food Processing & Technology, 05(04). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7110.1000318
14. The World Bank Group. (2019). The Basics of Food Traceability. Open Knowledge Repository. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/32181/The-Basics-of-Food-Traceability.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y