UBUHINZI BWA TUNGURUSUMU

Ishusho 1: ifoto ya tungurusumu zigisarurwa

 Tungurusumu ni igihingwa kitagira uruti rukomeye, kigira ibijumba, cyerera igihembwe kimwe, kibarizwa mu muryango wa ''Amaryllidaceae'' gihingwa kubera ibijumba byacyo bigira impumuro ikomeye. Tungurusumu ni igihingwa gikura hafi ahantu hose ku isi. Mu Rwanda trungurusumu ni kimwe mu birungo by’ ingenzi gifitanye isano n’ ibitunguru. Bitekerezwa ko tungurusumu zaturutse muri Siberiya, ariko yakwirakwiye mu bindi bice by’ isi mu myaka 5000 ishize. Ikunze kuba ari umweru ikagira udupande tw’ ibijumba, ibice byihariye biranga ibihingwa bya Aliyumu. Iki gihingwa cyera ku ruti rusa n’ urudahari cyangwa utunyangingo twihariye kikagira imitwe y’ indabo myiza. Tungurusumu zigira ikirundo cy’ indabo zigira utubabi tw’ indabo tujya gusa n’ umweru. Tungurusumu ikunda gukoreshwa mu bibazo bijyanye n’ umutima n’ urungano rw’ amaraso. Ibi bibazo birimo umuvuduko ukabije w’ amaraso, ingano nyinshi y’ ibinure bya kolesiterori cyangwa mu maraso, no gukomera kw’ imitsi ivana amaraso mu mutima iyajyana mu bindi bice by’ umubiri. Mu mafunguro no mu binyobwa bidasembuye, tungurusumu mbisi, ifu ya tungurusumu n’ amavuta ya tungurusumu bikoreshwa mu kongera icyanga.Tungurusumu ikoreshwa mu kuryoshya ibiryo kandi ushobora kuyihonda, cyangwa kuyisya kugirango ibashwe gukoreshwa.

 

FIshushoigure 2 ubwoko bugira ubunigiro bukomeye n’ ubwoko bugira ubunigiro bworoshyeHard neck variety and soft varietbiandukanywa n’ umubare w’ utujumbay differentiated by the cloves numbers andndetse n’ ubunigiro bukomeye ku ndiba ya tungurusumu the hard neck at the bottom of garlic.

Bumwe mu moko ni ubugira igice kimwe mu gihe andi moko agira ibice byinshi. Ubushinwa nibwo bweza inyinshi muri tungurusumu zigira igice kimwe aho bweza 80% by’ umusaruro wazo wose uboneka ku isi. Iki gihingwa gishobora kugira uruti rugufi, rukomeye ruba hagati mu gihingwa (ubunigiro bukomeye) cyangwa igisa n’ uruti cyoroshye kigizwe n’ amababi agerekeranye (ubunigiro bworoshye). Amoko agira uruti rukomeye agira indabo zicucitse hamwe zitari iza nyazo zizwi nk' umwumbakandi zera ibice binini bya tungurusumu ariko mu mubare muto mu gihe izigira uruti rworoshye zera udupande twa tungurusumu duto kandi zikagira uruti rugufi cyane kandi rubwase rugera aho rukavamo igisa n’ uruti rutari rwo. Igihingwa cya tungurusumu gishobora kugira amababi 6-12 abwase, asongoye, ashobora kugira50cm mu burebure, kandi gishobora kugira igihagararo cya 60cm. Tungurusumu z’ uruti rworoshye ntabwo zisanzwe zigira ikirundo cy’ indabo; ariko ikirere gishobora kuba kimwe mu bigena niba ibi bibaho cyangwa bitabaho.  N’ ubwo amoko amwe ya tungurusumu z’ uruti rworoshye ziberanye n’ ikirere gikonje, inyinshi zera neza ahashyuha. Kugirango wongere amahirwe y’ ukororoka kwa tungurusumu, ibyiza ni ugutera amoko menshi.

 

Tungurusumu ni igihingwa bigoye ko cyera mu bihembwe byinshi, gishobora kwera ku butaka butandukanye. Iki gihingwa cyera neza mu butaka bugufi, buciyemo inzira z’ amazi, ubutaka bukungahaye ku mborera kandi bukagira ubusharire buri hagati ya 6 na 7. Tungurusumu zera neza ahakonje ariko zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe guhera kuri dogere selisiyusi 9 kugera kuri 28. Tungurusumu zigomba guterwa ahantu hagera izuba mu gihe kinini cy’ umunsi kubera ko zisaba igihe cy’ubukonje gikurikiwe n’ igihe cy’ umucyo n’ ubushyuhe kugirango zikure neza.

Ni ngombwa cyane gutegura ubutaka neza kugirango uzabashe guhinga tungurusumu zigira ibitunguru byiza, binini kandi biryoha. Icyambere, ukeneye kumenya ubwoko bw’ ubutaka ufite kandi gukora isuzuma ry’ ubutaka niyo nzira nziza yo kubimenya. Bishobora kugufasha kumenya niba ubutaka bwawe buberanye n’ ubuhinzi bwa tungurusumu maze wasanga butabibereye, ukamenya icyo wakongeramo ngo ubutaka bwawe bubashe kweza tungurusumu neza. Gufumbiza amafumbire y’ imborera no gutera ibihingwa bitwikira ubutaka bikabwongerera uburumbuke bishobora gufasha ubutaka bubi, bityo ibyo ntibikakubuze guhinga tungurusumu. Tungurusumu zera mu butaka buseseka kandi butarekamo amazi. Ubutaka bw’ inombe y’ umucanga nibwo bwiza mu guhinga tungurusumu, ariko abahinzi benshi bagira umusaruro mwiza ku butaka bw’ ibumba. Niba ufite ibumba rikabije, haba hari ibibazo byinshi byo guhangana nabyo nko kuba udupande twa tungurusumu twabora niba tumaze igihe kirekire mu mazi cyangwa ibijumba bigasa nabi igihe cyo gusarura kuko ibumba rifata kuri bya bishishwa bya tungurusumu bimeze nk’ urupapuro. Kurikuraho biragorana kandi bishobora kwanduza ibihu by’ inyuma. Bishobora no gutuma umurimo wo gusarura tungurusumu ugorana, cyane cyane iyo ubutaka bwumye maze ibumba rigakomera.

 

 

 N’ ubwo ushobora kumva hari ibyitwa imbuto za tungurusumu, umurama wa tungurusumu, ukuri ni uko tungurusumu zidakunze kugira imbuto za nyazo kandi n’ iyo binabaye, imbuto za tungurusumu ziba zisa na za mbuto ntoya z’ umukara z’ ibitunguru. Indabo za tungurusumu akenshi zuma mbere cyane y’ uko zigira akabuto na kamwe zitanga. Byumvikane ko ibihingwa byatewe hakoreshejwe imbuto za tungurusumu bitazakura, kandi n’ ibike byakura bifata imyaka myinshi ngo bigire tungurusumu byera. Rimwe na rimwe, ibice byo hejuru (cyangwa uduti tw’ indabo) bishobora gukurwaho bigakoreshwa mu kongera ingano y’ imbuto, kuko amoko amwe n’ amwe ashobora gusembura ikorwa ry’ imbuto. Ariko rero, ahanini tungurusumu zororoka zikanahingwa hifashishijwe udupande twa tungurusumu. Ukororoka kw’ imbuto za tungurusumu gushingira ahanini ku bwoko bwakoreshejwe n’ ikirere zihinzemo. Tungurusumu zishobora guhingwa byoroshye, kandi nanone, zihingwa ahanini hakoreshejwe udupande tw’ ikijumba cyayo, ntabwo hakoreshwa umurama. Ushobora gutera udupande twa tungurusumu guhera muri werurwe kugeza muri kamena; upfa kuzitera hakiri kare ngo zibone igihe cyo kugira imizi ikomeye kandi ubutaka bukaba bugikoreka. Tandukanya udupande twa tungurusumu mbere gato yo gutera maze ushake ahantu hava izuba ho kuzitera. Tera utwo dupande twa tungurusumu umutwe usongoye ureba hejuru, udutere muri 5cm kugera kuri 7cm z’ ubujyakuzimu, usiga hagati yatwo intera ya cm hafi 14.

Imicungire ikomatanyije y’ uburumbuke bw’ ubutaka

Tungurusumu isa n’ ibirayi kurusha uko isa n’ ibitunguru mu bijyanye n’ uko yitwara ku busharire bw’ ubutaka n’ iringanira ry’ intungagihingwa. Dore ikigereranyo rusange ku miterere y’ ubutaka bwahingwamo tungurusumu zigakura neza:

• Ubusharire: ubusharire bw’ubutaka bwiza bwo guhingamo tungurusumu ni uburi hagati ya 6 na 7.
• Azote: tungurusumu zikenera Azote mu ngano iruta iyo abenshi mu bahinzi batekereza, cyane cyane mu gihe cya mbere cyayo cyo gukura, aho ishibuka ikanasakaza amababi. Gukoresha ifumbire y’ imborera nk’ ikomoka ku nka cyangwa inkoko ni uburyo bwiza bwo kongera Azote mu butaka.
• Fosifore: fosfore irakenewe kugirango imizi ikure neza.
• Potasiyumu: Potasiyumu ihagije ni ngombwa ku mikurire y’ ikibabi n' ibijumba bimeze neza.
• Silifire:Ibinyabutabire birimo silifire bigira uruhare runini mu bushobozi bwo kuvura bwa tungurusumu ndetse n’ icyanga cyayo. Kugirango wongere silifire mu butaka, nyanyagiza ingwa ku mitabo mu muhindo, nyuma y’ uko ibihingwa bishibutse bigatangira kugaragaza amababi.

•  Kuzuriza ukoresheje imborera: iyo ukoresha imborera, ugomba kwitonda. Ntugomba gushyiramo ifumbire y’ imborera igihe y’ isarura cyegereje. Imikoreshereze yemewe y’ imborera igena ko udakoresha imborera hadasigaye iminsi irenga nibura 120 ngo usarure. Ibisigisigi by’ imiti yica bagiteri, imiti isanzwe, na za GMO byo mubyo amatungo yariye bifata igihe ngo bibore mu ifumbire. Ikoreshwa ry’ ifumbire ikomoka ku nka, inkoko byaba inyongera nziza byivanze neza n’ ubutaka mbere yo gutera kuko nibwo ingano ya Azote iba iri hejuru.

 

 

 Ubuhinzi bwivugurura ni uburyo bw’ imihingire bugamije kuvugurura no kongerera imbaraga urusobe rw’ ibinyabuzima n’ ibikikije umurima hitabwa cyane ku buzima bw’ ubutaka, kandi bukanita ku micungire y’ amazi, imikoreshereze y’ amafumbire n' ibindi byinshi. Ni uburyo bwo guhinga “buvugurura umutungo kamere aho kuwangiza.”

Muri rusange, tungurusumu ni kimwe mu bihingwa by’ ingirakamaro bigendana n’ ibindi mu busitani buhoraho. Ibinyabutabire biyigize bituma yirukana umubare munini w’ ibyonnyi byashoboraga gutera ubusitani, atari udusimba duto nk’ uduhunduguru gusa, ahubwo n’ inyamabere nini nk’ imbeba, ifuku n’ impongo. Impumuro yayo ikomeye isa n’ aho ariyo mpamvu y’ ingenzi ibitera ndetse icyanga cyayo kigatuma inyamaswa zitongera kuyigerageza. Ariko kandi, tungurusumu zirinda ibihingwa bizikikije zikusanya silifire mu butaka. Silifireni ikinyabutabire karemano kica uduhumyo kandi kuba ihari birinda ibihingwa indwara zituruka mu butaka. Ibihingwa bibyungukiramo by’ umwihariko iyo byateranywe na tungurusumu birimo ibiti by’ imbuto, amashu, shufureri, amashu y' ibibabi /sukumawiki, inyanya, n’ imbuto nk’ inkeri n’ imbuhu/ gaperi. Ibihingwa byonyine ukwiriye kwirinda guhingana na tangurusumu ni amashaza n’ ibishyimbo kuko bigaragara ko byo kubihingana na tungurusumu byangiza imikurire yabyo.

Ishusho3: utwobo duto twateguriwe guteramo tungurusumu

 Tungurusumu zikenera umwanya wo kwaguriramo ibice byazo byo hasi bityo rero ugomba kubanza koroshya ubutaka mbere yo gutera. ntabwo dushishikariza abantu kurima cyane, ariko twemerako ari ngombwa mu kwitegura gutera udupande twa tungurusumu. Turima gake gashoboka uko bikenewe; inshuro ebyiri gusa mbere gato yo gutera. Kuko tumara imyaka itatu mbere yo kongera guhinga imyaka twari twahinze mu murima, ubutaka ubwo aribwo bwose tuburima rimwe (yego, kabiri, ariko kabumbiye mu byumweru 3 buri myaka itatu.

 

Impamvu zo kugabanya inshuro zo kurima ni izi zikurikira:

 

• Icyayi cy’ imborera: ubutaka bwiza buba bwuzuye utunyabuzima tutagaragarira amaso- bagiteri, uduhumyo tutagaragarira amaso n’ utundi twinshi dukora urusobe rw’ ibinyabuzima rugoranye kurwiyumvisha. Uburyo gakondo bw’ imihingire n’ imikoreshereze y’ amafumbire bwangiza uru rusobe. Icyayi cy’ imborera kirarusubiranya. Dushyira litiro 1100 z’ icyo cyayi mu mirima yacu nibura inshuro ebyiri buri mwaka mu rwego rwo kuvugurura urusobe rw’ utunyabuzima tutagaragarira amaso tuba mu butaka.

Ibhingwabitwikira ubutaka: izwi nanone nk’ “ifumbire y’ icyatsi,” ibihingwa bitwikira ishobora kongera intungagihingwa mu butaka kimwe no gufasha koroshya ubutaka ikoresheje imizi yayo ikomeye. Koresha ibihingwa bitwikira ubutaka byiza mu koroshya ubutaka.

Tungurusumu zisaba guhora uzifumbira kugirango zitange umusaruro wo hejuru n’ ibijumba byiza bifite ubwiza bwo hejuru. Ni ngombwa gufumbira neza uha igihingwa intungagihingwa zikenerwa mu ngano nto n’ izikenerwa mu ngano nini bigerwaho hakoreshwa amafumbire ashyirwa mu butaka n’ aterwa ku mababi. Amafumbire ashyirwa mu butaka nka DAP na CAN, yinjira mu gihingwa anyuze mu mizi mu gihe aterwa ku mababi nka OPTIMIZER na GRATIT yinjira mu gihingwa anyuze mu mababi yacyo. Isuzuma ry’ ubutaka rigomba gukorwa mu rwego rwo kumenya ingano y’ intungagihingwa zibasha kuboneka mu butaka mbere yo gutera maze ifumbire y’ imborera ikaba yakongerwamo bitewe n’ ikigero cy’ ibikomoka ku binyabuzima bigaragara mu butaka. Igihingwa gikenera intungagihingwa mu ngano n’ imiterere bitandukanye mu bihe bitandukanye byo gukura kwacyo.  Ni ngombwa cyane kubahiriza igihe cyo gushyiramo amafumbre.

Icyiciro cya mbere cy’ imikurire

Iki ni igihe kiri hagati yo gutera hafi ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo gushibuka kw’ udupande twa tungurusumu twatewe. Ahaterwa hagomba kubanza gutoswa na ''Optimizer'' ku kigero cya 20ml/20l. Ibyo bizafasha mu gukangura tungurusumu zitewe ngo zimere no gutuma zishibukira rimwe. Mu rwego rwo gutuma ibihingwa bitangirana imbaraga mu mikurire, bikagira imizi yose ikenewe, gutuma ibice byo hejuru bikura neza no kugirango uhe ibihingwa bito ububiko buhagije bw’ ibibitunga, bitere GATIT SUPER START 50g/20l cyangwa LAVENDER 20ml/20l cyangwa VITABOR GOLD ml30/l20 cyangwa PLANT SOUL 20mll20l. Gukoresha nabyo DAP birakenewe

Gukura kw’ ibice bigize igihingwa

Muri iki guhe igihingwa kiba gikura mu buryo bugaragara kandi gikora ibigitunga ngo kigwize ibyo kizakoresha mu kuzana ibijumba. Kugirango gikomeze gukura, amababi akomeze gukurana imbaduko n’ ubuzima bwiza no kugirango imikurire y’urungano rufasha igihingwa kwikorera ibigitunga itagira imbogamizi, tera igihingwa GATIT SUPER GROWTH g50/l20 cyangwa LEGENDARY ml40/l20 cyangwa LAVENDER ml20/l20.

Ingano y’ ikijumba ishingira cyane ku kigero cy’ ubuzima bw’ amababi y’ icyatsi cyangwa ibice byo hejuru mu gihe cyo gukura kw’ ikijumba. Ushyira ifumbire ya CAN hejuru y’ ubutaka n’ ubwo andi mafumbire ashyirwa mu butaka nka NPK 23:23:0 nayo ashobora gukoreshwa kuri iki cyiciro.

 

Igihe cyo kororoka

Muri iki gihe nibwo ibijumba bikorwa, bigakura maze bikera. Igihingwa kigomba guhabwa intungagihingwa zikwiriye muri iki gihe mu rwego rwo kugera ku byiza. Kugitera GATIT SUPER FLOWERS & FRUITS 50g/20l cyangwa LEGENDARY 40ml/20l cyangwa DIMIPHITE 20ml/20l cyangwa  GREENPHITE 50ml/20l cyangwa VITABOR GOLD bifasha mu;

• Gutuma amababi akomeza gukura
• Kugumana ugukura kwa mbere no kuza kw’ ibijumba
• Kongera uburemere byumye ku kigero cyo hejuru hashoboka n’ ubwiza rusange bw’ ibijumba
• Kubungabunga ugukomera n’ ingano y’ ibijumba
• Gutuma bihisha kandi bikera kare
• Kongerera ibijumba ubwiza mu kubikwa.

Amafumbire ashyirwa mu butaka akungahaye kuri potasiyumu nka NPK 17:17:17 agomba gukoreshwa ku bihingwa biri muri iki cyiciro

 

Amoko menshi ya tungurusumu ntatanga imbuto nzima, bityo igihingwa gikunda kororoka hifashishijwe udupande tw’ ikijumba cyacyo. Udupande turi twonyine tuboneka utatanyije ikijumba. Uto dupande tugomba guterwa muri 5-8 cm z’ ubujyakuzimu, hasigwa 8-10 cm hagati y’ ibihingwa na 15-20 cm hagati y’ imirongo. Tugomba guterwa uruhande rusongoye rureba hejuru maze urusa n’ indiba rureba hasi. Imizi imera kuri urwo ruhande rumeze nk’ indiba  Buri gapande gakora umutwe wa tungurusumu wuzuye.

Buri gapande kazavamo igihingwa cyose cya tungurusumu. N’ ubwo udusa n’ utujumba tuza hejuru y’ uruti rukomeye dushobora gukoreshwa mu guhinga tungurusumu, tungurusumu zivamo zitwara imyaka ibiri ngo zitange ibijumba. Muri rusange, ingano n’ uburemere by’ agapande katewe bizagira uruhare mu ngano y’ agapande kazera.  Ku mbuto runaka yatewe, udupande tunini ninatwo twera ibijumba binini. Koresha kg30 z’ udupande twa tungurusumu mu gutera ¼ cya Ari. Umusaruro ugomba kuboneka kuri ubwo butaka wagakwiye kuba nka toni 1 bitewe n’ ubwoko bw’ ubutaka, ikirere cy’ aho buri, n’ ibindi. Ubutaka bw’ umucanga bworoshya kubagara, gukura kw’ igihingwa no gusarura, ariko ubutaka ubwo aribwo bwose bwatanga umusaruro mwiza bwongewemo ibikenewe, ifumbire y’ imborera n’ imvaruganda n’ ibindi.

 

Hari imirimo myinshi ikorwa mu buhinzi bwa tungurusumu irimo:

Kuhira- igihingwa gikenera kongerwa amazi mu bihe by’ ubushyuhe, ariko ugomba guhagarika kuvomerera ibyumweru bike mbere yo gusarura mu rwego rwo kwemerera uruhu rwazo rumeze nk’ urupapuro ruba rugose ikijumba kuma kandi kugirango wirinde ko zarwara.

Gukonda- tungurusumu z’ uruti rukomeye zigomba gukondwa igihe uduti tw’ indabo dutangiye kugororoka. Gukuraho imitwe y’ indabo bituma imbaraga z’ igihingwa zijya mu ikorwa ry’ ibijumba. Tungurusumu z’ uruti rworoshye ntizikenera gukondwa.

Kubagara- ibyatsi bihanganira n’ igihingwa ibituma bikura bikanacumbikira udukoko dutera indwara. Kuko tungurusumu zidashoboye guhangana n’ ibyatsi ugomba kubagara.

Gusasira- ibi bifasha mu gufata ubuhehere no kugabanya ubukana bw’ ibyatsi. Iyo isaso iboze, itanga intungagihingwa mu butaka maze igihingwa kikazifata.

 

  1. Ibyonnyi

Ishusho 4 Urunyo rw' ibitunguru

Urunyo rw’ ibitunguru- gufatwa n’ iki cyonnyi bitera kugwingira cyangwa kuma kw’ ibihingwa bikiri bito kandi iyo ugerageje gukurura igihingwa gicikira ku murongo gihuriraho n’ ubutaka. Niba igihingwa gifashwe n’ icyonnyi mu gihe cyo kuzana ibijumba, ibijumba bigira ishusho mbi kandi bikaba bishobora kuborera mu buhunikiro nyuma y’ isarura. Tosa ubutaka ukoresheje PROFILE 440EC ml60/l20 cyangwa PENTAGON 50EC ml20/l20.

Turipusi- utu dusimba dutera igihombo gikomeye. Duca uruhu rw’ amababi cyangwa uruti tukanyunyusa amatembabuzi y’ igihingwa dukora ibizinga by’ umweru usa n’ ifeza ku mababi yangijwe. Tera ALONZE 50EC ml5/l20 cyangwa PROFILE 440EC ml30/l20 cyangwa DEFENDER 25EC ml40/l20

Ishusho 5 Tiripusi kuri tungurusumu

 Utunyorogoto- ibimenyetso rusange biterwa n’ iki cyonnyi birimo kuba igihingwa cyagaragaza ishusho idasanzwe mu murima, kugwingira kw’ ibihingwa, guhinduka umuhondo, kugira ishusho mbi kw’ ibijumba no kubyimba k’ uruti. Nta mizi imeze neza igihingwa kiba gifite kandi ubona ibisebe by’ uruziga cyangwa bidafite ishusho isobanutse ku mizi. Tosa ubutaka ukoresheje ALONZE 50EC ml10/l20 cyangwa uvangekg50z’ ifumbire na  ADVENTURE 0.5GR kg2 igihe cyose ushyira ifumbire mu butaka.

Ishusho 6  Tungurusumu zatewe n’ utunyorogoto

 

Indwara

1.  Virus itera kubemba kwa tungurusumu: Gufatwa n’ iyi ndwara bituma habaho ihuzamirongo rya mazayiki ku mababi, ibibara biterwa no gupfa k’ utugirangingo cyangwa imirongo ku mababi, kugwingira mu mikurire y’ igihingwa n’ ingano y’ ibijumba ikaba nto. Iyi ndwara ikwirakwizwa n’ uduhunduguru.

 

Kuyirwanya: rwanya uduhunduguru ukoresheje KINGCODE ELITE 50EC 10ml/20l or LEXUS 247SC 8ml/20l or PRESENTO 200SP 5g/20l

  2. Kabore- ibi biterwa no kubora kw’ imbuto cyangwa ingemwe mbere y’ uko zimera mu butaka. Agakoko gatera iyi ndwara gashobora no gufata agace igihingwa gikoraniraho n’ ubutaka kikabora maze urugemwe rukagwa rugapfa.

Tungurusumu zafashwe na kabore mu buhumbikiro

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3. Ububore bworohereye buterwa na bagiteri- iki ni ikibazo ahanini kiboneka ku bijumba bikuze. Ahafashwe habanza kugaragara nk’ ahajwenze amazi hakagira ibara ry’ umuhondo kugera ku kigina cyererutse. Uko indwara ikomeza, ahafashwe harorohera kandi hagafatira maze imbere mu kijumba hagashwanyagurika. Iyo ukanze ubunigiromuhogo bw’ igihingwa, havamo amatembabuzi afashe kandi anuka.

 Ibibara by’ ikigina- ibimenyetso biza ku mababi no ku duti tw’ indabyo nk’ ibizinga bito by’ umweru bicengeyemo bikagira intima z’ ibara ry’ ikigina. Ibi bisebe kuzenguruka amababi/uduti bigatera kugwa. Ibihingwa byafashwe ntibigira ibijumba.

Kuyivura: teraCOLONIZER 440WP g50/l20 cyangwa ABSOLUTE 375SC ml10/l20 cyangwa TRINITY GOLD 425WP g50/l20

 

 

 5. Akaribata- ibimenyetso biterwa n’ iyi ndwara bibanza kugaragara ku mababi hagaragaraho ibibara by’ umuhondo byuzuye amazi, bigakwira uburebure bitwikira ubuso bwose bw’ ikibabi. Amababi yafashwe arihina maze akagwa hasi.

Kuyirwanya: tera RANSOM 600WP g15/l20 cyangwa DUCASSE 250EC ml20/l20 cyangwa PROVIDENCE 400WP g50/l20

 

 

 

Kubora kw’ indiba guterwa n’ agahumyo ka fusariyumu-amababi arabanza akaba umuhondo n’ igihingwa kikagwingira, kikagera aho kikuma gihereye hejuru kigana hasi. Igihingwa kigitangira gufatwa, imizi y’ igihingwa ihinduka iroza, kubora kukazabaho mu byiciro byigiye imbere, ikijumba kigatangira kubora gihereye ku mpera zo hasi maze igihingwa cyose kikageraho kigapfa.

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 7. Kubora kw’ umweru- ibimenyetso bya mbere ni uguhinduka umuhondo no gupfa mu ruhande rw’ inyuma kw’ imitwe y’ amababi. Nyuma, indiba y’ uruti n’ imizi birangirika. Ibijumba biroroha bikajwenga amazi, maze uko indwara ikomeza, hagakura agahumyou k’ umweru kajya kumera nk’ ipamba hakaba ahasa umukara hakomeye hameze nk’ akabuto ka sinapi, ibijumba bikagira ugutakaza ibara k’ umuhondo. Indwara ishobora kwica ibihingwa bito ikagwingiza ugukura kw’ ibihingwa bikuze. Imitwe y’ amababi arwaye n’ utundi tugirangingo tugera aho tugapfa. Uruti rw’ ibijumba ruhinduka umukara, bikihinahina, kandi imyanya y’ inyuma ikajwenga amazi. Ibijumba bishobora gushibuka mbere y’ igihe.

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8. Kubora guterwa na  botiriytisi- iyi ndwara itera uruti kugaragaraho ugukura k’ uduhumyo kujwenze amazi kandi kukagira ifuro ry’ ikigina. Iyi ndwara kandi yitwa kubora kw’ uruti.

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 9. Kubora guterwa na penicilliyumu- iyi ndwara itera kubora kw’ udupande twa tungurusumu bikunze kuvamo kugwingira, kuma no guhinduka umuhondo kw’ ibihingwa. Iyi ndwara kandi ishobora no kugabanya imikurire y’ igihingwa. Aka gahumyo gashobora gukwira ku dupande twafashwe, kagaragara nk’ ikintu cy’ icyatsi kijya gusa n’ ubururu.

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10. Uruhumbu rw’ umukara- ibihingwa bikunze gufatwa binyuze mu myanya y’ uruti uko amababi apfa igihingwa gikuze. Ibijumba byafashwe bihinduka umukara wataye ibara hafi y’ ubunigiro kandi imyanya yafashwe ikihinahina. Ibirundo by’ uduhuyo tw’ umukara bimeze nk’ agafu bigaragara ku mirongo no hagati y’ imyanya y’inyuma yumye. Indwara ishobora gukomeza ikava ku ruti ijya mu myanya yam o hagati yorohereye.

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IshushoFigure 7 Tungurusu zasaruwe ziri mu gikurwa cyo  .kwitabwaho.

  Tungurusumu ziba zikwiriye gusarurwa iyo ibihingwa bitangiye guhinduka umuhondo cyangwa ikigina bigatangira kugwa hasi. Kumenya igihe cyo gusarurira byakunze kugorana. Amoko atandukanye akunze kwera mu bihe bitandukanye.  Gusarura mbere y’ igihe bituma ugira ibijumba bito kandi bitabikika neza. Gutinda gusarura bizatuma udupande twa tungurusumu dusohoka mu bihu byatwo, bitume tuba dushobora gufatwa n’ indwara no kudakundwa ku isoko. Mu gusarura, ibijumba bigomba gucukurwa bikazana n’ ibice byo hejuru bigifatanye. Ibijumba bisarurwa bacukura igihingwa bitonze bakazamura ibijumba bakoresheje ikanya. Mu bahinzi babigize umwuga, imashini zisarura ibirayi/ibitunguru zishobora gukoreshwa bazamura ibijumba. Ibi bigomba gukorwa hakiri amababi y’ icyatsi asigaye ku gihingwa. Nyuma yo gucukura ibihingwa, bigomba kuzirikanywa mu mabango y’ ibihingwa 10 kugera kuri 15 bikemererwa kuma.Nyuma y’ ibyumweru bitatu kugera kuri bine, ibice byo hejuru n’ imizi byakagombye kuba byumye neza. Ibice byo hejuru bikwiriye rero gukatwa muri cm1 kugera kuri 2 uturutse ku kijumba cy’ ibanze n’ imizi igakatirwa hafi y’ ibijumba.Tungurusumu yasaruwe ishobora guhita ikoreshwa cyangwa igakomeza kwitabwaho ngo izabikwe igihe kirekire. Kwita kuri tungurusumu byakorwa umanika ibihingwa mu mabango cyangwa kubinyanyagiza ku kintu. Sukura ibijumba ukuraho ibihu by’ inyuma cyane ariko ntugira agapande usiga kadatwikiriye. Agataka kose gasigaye kagomba guhanagurwa kakavanwaho.Ibihingwa bigomba kutangizwa mu gihe byitabwaho: imitwe ntigomba gukurwaho kugeza igihe tungurusumu izumira. Ibi bigomba gukorerwa ahakonje, humutse kandi hagera umwuka uhagije. Ibijumba bigashyirwa mu byiciro ngo bijyanwe ku isoko.

 

   Tungurusumu ni igihingwa kigira agaciro kanini cyibarirwa mu mboga, indabo n’ imbuto kikabarizwa mu muryango w’ ibitunguru. Abahinzi mu bice byinshi by’ igihugu bashobora kuzihingwa bakongera ayo binjiza mu buryo bugaragara kuko tungurusumu zifite isoko rihagije ahabegereye. Tungurusumu ikunze gukoreshwa mu kuryoshya ifunguro no mu buvuzi. Tungurusumu zifitemo ibituma inyamaswa zitazirya, inigwahabiri ntizituzirye, n’ ubushobozi bwo kwica bagiteri, uduhumyo, udusimba, n’ utunyorogoto.Tungurusumu zishobora kugurishwa nk’ udupande cyangwa ingemwe zo guterwa n’ imishingwa y’ urubyiruko. Nyuma yo kuzisarura mbere yo kuzijyana ku isoko, tegurira tungurusumu kuvurirwa ahatari izuba maze uzibike ahatwikiriye, humutse, byaba byiza akaba ari ahagera umuyaga. Zirikanya amabango y’ ibihingwa 8 kugera ku 10 hamwe, ukoreshe agahago ka mushupiri umanike tungurusumu hejuru ibyumweru bigeze kuri bine kugera kuri bitandatu.  Ibi byemerera ibijumba gukira bigira uruhu rwigaragaza rumeze nk’ urupapuro. Urwo ruhu rumaze kugaragara, kata imizi n’ uruti hafi ya cm 2 hejuru y’ ikijumba. Zibike ahagera urumuri ariko hatari ku zuba, humutse; zigomba kubikwa amezi hagati y’ atandatu n’ umunani. Tungurusumu zibikwa mu duhago twa mushupiri, amakesi, amakarito cyangwa ibitebo. Iyo zibitswe mu bitebo cyangwa amakarito, ibyo zibitswemo bigomba kuba harimo nibura imyanya inyuramo umwuka. Uduhago twa tungurusumu dukunze kubikwa dutenze kandi tugomba gupangwa mu buryo bwemerera umwuka kunyuramo. Iyo ibijumba bimaze kuma neza, bishobora kubikwa umwaka wose.