IBIPIMO BY’ UBUZIRANENGE BW’ IMITEJA

1.IRIBURIRO

Ibi bipimo by’ ubuziranenge byashyiriweho gutuma ibigo bikora ubuhinzi bw’ imboga, indabo n’ imbuto byuzuza iby’ ibanze bisabwa ngo bihinduke igice cy’ingenzi ku isoko, bikagera no ku moko y’ ibishyimbo ahingwa yo muri Phaseolus vulgaris L. na Phaseolus coccineus L. bigezwa ku muguzi bikiri bibisi, ibishyimbo byo guhura n’ ibyo gutunganywa mu nganda bitabariwemo byaba ibyoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa iby’ imbere mu gihugu.

Ubuziranenge ntabwo burebana gusa n’ inyungu n’ ibihombo cyangwa guhigika abo mupiganwa. Burebana n’ ubuzima bwiza, kubahiriza amasezerano yo kugeza igicuruzwa ku muguzi no kubahiriza ibyifuzo by' ibanze by' umukiriya. Ariko kandi, mu kuzuza ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge, ibigo by’ ubucuruzi bikunze gusarura inyungu ziruseho no kugabanya ibihombo. Ibirenza ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge biba indashyikirwa mu ruhando rw' ibyo bipiganwa kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kunguka n’ ubudahemuka mu baguzi. Aha niho inyungu yo kuzuza ibipimo by' ubuziranenge iherereye.

 

Mu gihe cya none, guharanira ubuziranenge ni ugupima ibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye n' igicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi mbere y' uko kijya ku isoko.Kugenzura ubuziranenge bikorwa n' abagenzuzi, rimwe na rimwe bigenga cyangwa se bo mu kigo imbere, kugirango bapime uburyo bukoreshwa kugirango mu gukora igicuruzwa  no n' uko serivisi zitangwa. Muri iyi nzira, abafashamyumvire b' umudugudu w' ubucuruzi bazafasha mu guhugura no kugenzura umusaruro w' imboga mbere yo kugezwa ku isoko.

Iyi nyigisho izafasha mu kugera kuri ibi bikurikira.

1. Kongerera ubushobozi ibigo by’ ubucuruzi ngo bijye bigemura ibishyimbo bigumana ubuziranenge buhanitse ku isoko, bityo abaguzi banyurwe.
2. Kuzamura ubuziranenge bw’ imiteja bityo bigafasha ibigo by’ ubucuruzi kugabanya ibiguzi by’ inyongera biterwa no kwangwa k’ umusaruro.

 

Ishusho1 Ibishyimbo by' imiteja bigeze igihe cyo gusarurwa. Isoko : https://www.paukwa.or.ke/kenyan-french-beans/

 

2. IBIPIMO RUSANGE BY’ UBUZIRANENGE KU MITEJA

 

1.IBIREBWA N’ IBI BIPIMO

Ibi bipimo bikoreshwa ku bishyimbo byo mu bwoko buhingwa bubarizwa muri ''Phaseolus vulgaris L. ''na ''Phaseolus coccineus L.'' bigezwa ku muguzi bikiri bibisi, ibishyimbo byo guhurwa cyangwa ibyo gutunganywa mu nganda ntibirebwa n' ibi bipimo.

 

2.IKORESHWA RY’ IBI BIPIMO

Intego y’ ibi bipimo ni ukugaragaza ubuziranenge busabwa ku miteja nyuma yo gutegurwa no gupakirwa. Ariko rero, iyo bikoreshejwe ku byiciro bya nyuma y’ icuruzwa cyangwa nyuma yo koherezwa mu mahanga, umusaruro ushobora kugaragaza bijyanye n’ ibisabwa n’ ibi bipimo:

i)               gutakaza ho gato gutoha kwabyo no gutakaza amazi ho gahoro.

ii)              Kwangirika gahoro kubera ugukura kwabyo no kuba biba byenda kubora.

 

Nyirumusaruro/umucuruzi ntashobora kugaragaza bene uwo musaruro cyangwa ngo awugurishe, cyangwa kuwugemura cyangwa kuwumenyekanisha mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose uretse ubwagaragajwe n’ ibi bipimo. Nyirumusaruro/umucuruzi agomba kugira inshingano zo kugenzura ko byubahirizwa.

AMAGAMBO AKORESHWA N’ UBUSOBANURO

Bisukuye:  bitariho umwanda, ivumbi, ibizinga biterwa n’udusimba cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose kitari imiteja.

Byifitemo utugozi: ibishyimbo biba byakuze birengeje urugero maze bikigiramo utugozi kandi bigakomera.

Kwangirika: inenge cyangwa gukomereka, zigira ingaruka ku ko umusaruro ugaragara cyangwa kubikwa neza

Bitoshye: imisogwe ntiba igaragara nk’ iyumye kandi ibishyimbo ntibiba byoroshye, byanambye cyangwa byipfunyapfunye.

Bifite  ishusho mbi cyangwa bigoramye ubwihete bw’ umusogwe ntibukwiriye kuba bugondamye, bwihinahinnye cyangwa ukundi kugira ishusho mbi kose gushobora guteza igihombo mu gutegurirwa gukoreshwa kwayo.

 

3.IBY’ IBANZE BISABWA

Mu byiciro byose, imiteja irebwa n’ amabwiriza yihariye ya buri cyiciro n’ ibyemewe kwihanganirwa, imiteja igomba kuba:

• Itangiritse
• Myiza; umusaruro wibasiwe no kubora cyangwa kwangirika nk’ ibyatuma utaba ubereye kuribwa uvanwamo.
• Isukuye, bigaragara ko itarangwamo ikindi kintu cyose kitari umuteja
• Igaragara ko itoshye
• Idafite uruhu rw’ imbere rukomeye
• Bigaragara ko nta byonnyi biyiriho
• Itarangwaho kwangizwa n’ ibyonnyi
• Itarangwaho ubuhehere budasanzwe buturutse inyuma
• Idafite impumuro cyangwa icyangwa bitari ibyayo.

Imikurire n’ imiterere y’ ibishyimbo igomba kuba ari ituma bibasha

• Kwihanganira ubwikorezi no gukorwaho
• Kugezwa aho ijyanywe igishimishije

 

4.IBYICIRO

Ibishyimbo bishyirwa mu byiciro bitatu nk uko bigiye kugaragazwa:

·ICYICIRO GIHANITSE

Ibishyimbo byo muri iki cyiciro bigomba kuba bifite ubuziranenge buhanitse. Bigomba kuba biranga ubwoko bwabyo mubya siyansi na cyangwa ubwoko bwabyo mu by’ ubucuruzi.

Igomba kuba:

a)            Yifitemo amazi, byoroshye kuyivuna

b)            Yoroshye cyane

c)            Igaragara ko igororotse

d)            itarimo utugozi

 

Imbuto, niba zirimo, zigomba kuba ari ntoya kandi zorohereye. Ariko rero, ibishyimbo bimeze nk’ inshinge bigomba kuba bidafite imbuto. Bigomba kuba bidafite ubusembwa, uretse ubusembwa bworoheje cyane bugaragara inyuma, iyo gusa butagira ingaruka ku buryo umusaruro ugaragara muri rusange, ubuziranenge, ubushobozi bwo guhunikwa no kugaragazwa mu ipaki.

 

·ICYICIRO CYA I

Ibishyimbo byo muri iki cyiciro bigomba kuba bifite ubuziranenge buhagije. Bigomba kuba bigaragaza ubwoko bwabyo mubya siyansi na/cyangwa ubwoko bwabyo mu by’ ubucuruzi.

Bigomba kuba:

a)bibyimbye

b) bikiri bitoya kandi byoroshye

c) Bigaragara ko bidafite utugozi keretse ibishyimbo byo gukatagurwa. Imbuto, niba zirimo zigomba kuba ari ntoya kandi zoroshye.

Ariko nanone, izi nenge zoroheje zishobora kwemerwa, iyo gusa zitagira ingaruka ku buryo umusaruro ugaragara muri rusange, ubuziranenge, ubushobozi bwo guhunikwa no kugaragazwa mu ipaki:

a) inenge ntoya mu ishusho

b) inenge ntoya mu ibara

c) Inenge ntoya ku ruhu

· ICYICIRO CYA II

Iki cyiciro gishyirwamo ibishyimbo bitujuje ibisabwa ngo bishyirwe mu byiciro byo hejuru ariko byujuje iby’ ibanze bisabwa byagaragajwe haruguru.

Bigomba kuba:

a) byumvikana ko byoroshye

b) ari ibishyimbo bimeze nk’ inshinge, bigomba kuba bitarangwaho umugese.

Niba imbuto zihari, ntizigomba kuba ari nini bikabije kandi zigomba kuba zoroshye.

 

Inenge zikurikira zishobora kwihanganirwa, iyo gusa ibishyimbo bigumana iby’ ibanze bibiranga mu bijyanye n’ ubuziranenge, ubushobozi bwo kubikika n' uko bigaragara.

c) inenge mu ishusho

d) inenge ku ibara

e) inenge ku ruhu

f)  utugozi

g)  Utuzinga duto tw’ umugese uretse ku bishyimbo bimeze nk’ inshinge

a)AMABWIRIZA AGENGA IBYO KUGENA INGANO

Ingano igenwa n’ ubugari buruta ubundi bw’ umusogwe bupimiwe mu mfuruka igororotse aho bifatanira. Mu rwego rwo guhuza ingano, ibishyimbo bimeze nk’ inshinge biri mu ipaki imwe ntibigomba kurenga:

a) mm6 niba byiswe ko “binoze cyane”

b) mm9 niba byiswe ko “binoze”

c) Mm12 niba byiswe ko “biringaniye”

b)AMABWIRIZA AGENGA IBYIHANGANIRWA

Mu byiciro byose by’ imicururize, hari ibyemewe kwihanganirwa muri buri cyiciro cy’ umusaruro utujuje ibisabwa mu cyiciro washyizwemo.

c)IBIJYANYE N’ UBUZIRANENGE BYIHANGANIRWA

·ICYICIRO GIHANITSE

5% mu mubare cyangwa uburemere by’ ibishyimbo bitujuje ibisabwa muri icyi cyiciro ariko byujuje ibisabwa mu cyiciro cya I kuremewe. Muri uku kwihanganira inenge, umusaruro wujuje ubuziranenge busabwa mu cyiciro cya II ntugomba kurenga 0.5%.

• ICYICIRO CYA I

10%, mu mubare cyangwa mu buremere by’ ibishyimbo bitujuje ibisabwa muri iki cyiciro ariko byujuje ibyo mu cyiciro cya II biremewe. Muri ubu bwihangane, ntihagomba kurenzwa 1% by’ umusaruro utujuje ubuziranenge busabwa mu cyiciro cya II ntunuzuze iby’ ibanze bisabwa, cyangwa by’ umusaruro wibasiwe no kubora.  Ntibyemewe kwihanganira umusaruro wibasiwe na Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (indwara y’ akaribata mu bishyimbo). Muri ubu bwihangane, ibitarenze 5%, by’ umubare cyangwa uburemere, bishobora kugira utugozi niba ari ubwoko butakagombye kugira utugozi.

Byongeye kandi, ibitarenze 15%, mu mubare cyangwa uburemere, by’ ibishyimbo (uretse ibishyimbo bimeze nk’ inshinge) bishobora kugira utubifatisha ku ruti n’ agace gato k’ igice cy’ ikondo gifite umubyimba muto bibura, iyo gusa iyi misogwe iguma ifunze, yumye kandi ntitakaze ibara.

• ICYICIRO CYA II

10%, mu mubare cyangwa mu buremere, by’ ibishyimbo bitujuje ibisabwa muri iki cyiciro ntibunuzuze iby’ ibanze. Muri ubu bwihangane, umusaruro wibasiwe no kubora ntugomba kurenga 2%. Ntabwo byemewe kwihanganira umusaruro wibasiwe na Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (indwara y’akaribata k ’ ibishyimbo)

Byongeye kandi, ibitarenze 30%, mu mubare cyangwa mu buremere, by’ ibishyimbo (uretse ibishyimbo bimeze nk’ inshinge) bishobora kugira uduti tubifatisha ku ruti n’ agace gato k’ igice cy’ inkondo gifite umubyimba muto bibura, iyo gusa imisogwe iguma ifunze, yumutse kandi ntitakaze ibara.

B. UKWIHANGANIRA INGANO

Mu byiciro byose (niba ingano yagenwe): ubwihangane bwose hamwe bw’ 10%, mu mubare cyangwa mu buremere, by’ ibishyimbo bitujuje ibisabwa bijyanye no kugena ingano buremewe.

a)AMABWIRIZA AREBA IGARAGAZWA

 

1. UGUHUZA

Ibigize buri paki (cyangwa icyiciro ku musaruro ugaragajwe mu mbumbe mu modoka z’ ubwikorezi), bigomba kuba bihuye kandi bigizwe n’ imiteja ifite inkomoko imwe, ubwoko bumwe mubya siyansi cyangwa mu by’ ubucuruzi, ubuziranenge, n’ ingano (niba ingano yagenwe). Imiteja yo mu cyiciro cya I igomba kuba ihuje ishusho n’ ibara. Igice kigaragara cy’ ibiri mu ipaki (cyangwa icyiciro ku musaruro wagaragajwe mu mbumbe mu modoka z’ ubwikorezi) kigomba kuba gihagarariye ibirimo byose. Amapaki (cyangwa ibyiciro ku musaruro wagaragajwe mu mbumbe mu modoka z’ ubwikorezi) agomba kuba atarimo ikindi kintu icyo aricyo cyose.

 

1. IBIHUMANYA

Ibisigazwa by’ imiti yica udusimba umusaruro urebwa n’ ibi bipimo ugomba kutarenza igipimo ntarengwa cy’ ibisigazwa by’ imti yica udusimba yashyizweho na komisiyo ya codex alimentarius kuri iki gicuruzwa.

Ibindi bihumanya umusaruro urebwa n’ ibi bipimo by’ ubuziranenge ugomba kutarenza ingano ntarengwa y’ ibihumanya mu biribwa yashyizweho n’ ibipimo rusange (CODEX STAN 193-1995).

 

1. ISUKU

Ni ngombwa ko umusaruro urebwa n’ amabwiriza y’ ibi bipimo utegurwa kandi ugakorwaho mu buryo bwibahirije ibivugwa mu gice kigendanye nabyo mu mahame rusange y’ isuku y’ ibiribwa (KS CAC/RCP 1-1969), amabwiriza y’ imikorere isukuye ku mbuto mbisi n’ imboga (n’ izindi nyandiko nk’ amabwiriza y’ imikorere isukuye n’ amabwiriza y’ imikorere. Umusaruro ugomba kubahiriza ibigenderwaho byose mu bijyanye n’ utunyabuzima duto byashyizweho hakurikijwe amahame n’ imirongo ngenderwaho mu ishyirwaho n’ ikoreshwa ry’ ibigenderwaho bijyanye n’ utunyabuzima duto bijyanye n’ ibiribwa.

1. GUPAKIRA

Igipakirwamo kigomba kuba gitanga umutekano n’ ubusugire bw’ umusaruro. Igipakirwamo gikora ku musaruro kigomba kuba gikozwe mu bitangiza ibiribwa, gisukuye kandi cyujuje ubuziranenge mu buryo butuma kitateza ukwangirika kwaba ukw’ inyuma cyangwa imbere ku musaruro. Ikoreshwa ry’ ibikoresho, by’ umwihariko impapuro cyangwa za kashe ziriho ibyihariye bijyanye n’ ubucuruzi riremewe, iyo gusa ugucapa no gushyiraho ibirango byakoreshejwe wino cyangwa kole bidahumanya. Amapaki ntagomba kugira akanda ako ariko kose kandi icyo akozwemo kigomba kuba kibasha kuvugururwa kikongera gukoreshwa.

5.AMABWIRIZA AREBA GUSHYIRAHO IBIMENYETSO

Gushyiraho ibirango

Amakuru akurikira agomba gushyirwa ku bipfunyitsemo umusaruro mu buryo busobanutse kandi butahindurwa.

i) Izina ry’ umusaruro. Ni ukuvuga: “ibishyimbo” n’/cyangwa izina mu bijyanye n’ ubucuruzi niba ibirimo bitagaragarira inyuma

Ii) icyiciro

Iii) Kode y’ ingano

iv) ku bishyimbo bimeze nk’ inshinge bigaragazwa ko “binoze cyane”, “binoze”, “biringaniye”

v) Ku bindi bishyimbo (niba ingano yagenwe) bigaragazwa nk’ umubwimba w’ imisogwe muto kurusha iyindi n’ umubyimba w’ imisogwe uruta iyindi.

vi) izina n’ aho uwabitumije/uwabipakiye/uwabikwirakwije abarizwa

Vii) Igihugu byaturutsemo

viii) Uburemere bwite muri kilogarama

Ix) Kode ibimenyekanisha na/cyangwa umubare wa batch

x) Izina ry’ ubwoko mu bya siyansi cyangwa iry’ ubwoko mu by’ ubucuruzi

Xi) Amabwiriza y’ uko bibikwa

Xii) Sitati ya GMO

3. UMWANZURO

Guharanira ubuziranenge bifasha ikigo cy' ubucuruzi kugera kubyo abaguzi bifuza n’ ibyo biteze. Ubuziranenge buhanitse bwubaka icyizere mu baguzi, ari na cyo gituma ikigo cy’ ubucuruzi kibasha gupiganwa ku isoko. Bizigama ibiguzi kandi bigakemura ibibazo bitarakomera, kandi bifasha gushyiraho no kugumana ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge bikumira ibibazo bitaraba. Uyu munsi, gushora mu guharanira ubuziranenge ni ndasimburwa mu bigo byinshi by’ ubucuruzi.

Iyi nyigisho rero izafasha abahinzi kugira ubumenyi ku buziranenge n’ ibipimo bisabwa mu gutunganya no gupakira imiteja kugirango ibe yujuje ibisabwa ku isoko kandi bongere inyungu.