IBIPIMO BY’ UBUZIRANENGE BWA SHUFURERI

1.  IRIBURIRO

Abantu benshi bashobora kubona umusaruro mwiza bakawumenya, ariko bakagorwa no gusobanura umusaruro mwiza ari uwuhe. “Ubuziranenge” bushobora gusobanura ibintu bitandukanye ku bantu batandukanye. Bimwe na bimwe nk’ imiterere, icyanga, ibara, ingano, ishusho, ubusembwa, udukomere, kugaragarahoudusimba cyangwa ubusembwa bukomoka ku dusimba, indwara, igihe imara itarabora cyangwa ubuziranenge bwo kubikika n’ isuku byose ni ibigize ubuziranenge. Imboga zirimo na shufureri zigomba kuba zikeye, ari mbisi, zifite ingano nziza, ibara rihuye, ishusho n’ ingano, kimwe no kuba zifite amazi kandi zitifitemo utugozi twinshi, kandi zitafite inenge.

Akenshi abaguzi bakoresha ubutohe n’ uko umusaruro ugaragara muri rusange nk’ ikirango cy’ ibanze cy’ ubuziranenge. Abahinzi benshi ntibumva neza akamaro ubuziranenge bugira mu bukungu bw’ ibikorwa by’ ubuhinzi bw’ imboga. Ariko rero, iyo urebye kuri raporo z’ isoko, bikugaragariza neza ko ibiciro by’ igicuruzwa icyo aricyo cyose bihinduka cyane igihe icyo aricyo cyose. Ibi ahanini biterwa n’ ikinyuranyo mu bwiza bw’ umusaruro uri gucuruzwa. Umucuruzi utoranya aba ashaka kwishyura menshi ari uko aguze igicuruzwa gifite ubuziranenge. Iyo umusaruro ubasha kumara igihe kirekire utarabora bisobanura ko hari igihe kiruseho cyo kongera kuwugurisha, bityo ibyangirika bikaba bike. Umucuruzi kandi agaruza vuba ayo yashoye kandi akagurisha ku giciro cyiza, kuko igicuruzwa kiba kinogeye ijisho.

Iyi nyigisho rero iteguye ku buryo igera ku ntego zikurikira:

  1. Kuha abahinzi ubushobozi bwo kweza shufureri zifite ubuziranenge kandi zujuje ibisabwa ku isoko mu rwego rwo kuzamura ibyinjira.
  2.  Gutuma abahinzi basobanukirwa ubuziranenge n’ ibipimo byashyizweho kugirango haboneke shufureri zizewe kandi zifite intungamubiri.

 

Ishusho 1: shufureri zujuje ubuziranenge zo kugurisha. Isoko: http://www.jacobsa.fr/cauliflowers.php

 

2.  IBIPIMO RUSANGE BY’UBUZIRANENGE KURI SHUFURERI

 

i.INTEGO Y’ IBIPIMO.

Ibipimo by’ u Rwanda bigaragaza ibisabwa kuri shufureri zo mu bwoko buhingwa bwa Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. zigemurwa ku muguzi ari mbisi, hatarimo shufureri zo gutunganywa mu nganda.

 ii.IMIKORESHEREZE Y’ IBIPIMO

Intego y’ ibi bipimo ni ukugaragaza ubuziranenge busabwa ku musaruro uri mu cyiciro cyo kugenzurirwa ku isoko nyuma yo kuwutegura no kuwupakira. Ariko rero, iyo bikoreshejwe nyuma y’ igihe cy’ igurisha bishobora kugaragaza bigendanye n’ ibipimo: i) kubura ho gato ubutohe n’ ugukomera ii) kangirika ho gahoro kubera gukura kwazo no kuba zenda kubora. Ufite igicuruzwa/umucuruzi ntashobora kugaragaza uwo musaruro cyangwa kuwugurisha cyangwa kuwugemura cyangwa kuwumenyekanisha mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose butari ubugaragazwa n’ ibi bipimo.

3.  AMAGAMBO AKORESHWA N’ UBUSOBANURO BWAYO

Mu magambo akoreshwa n’ubusobanuro, ibi bikurikira bigomba kubahirizwa:

  1. Imeze neza: yuzuye kandi itaboze kandi ntigire aho yangiritse mu bigaragara, itaragizweho ingaruka no kubora cyangwa irindi yangirika nk’ iryatuma itaba ikwiriye kuribwa n’abantu.
  2. Ifunze/Ikomeye uduce twayo tubumbiye hamwe, bikagaragara mbere y’ uko indabo zitangira gufunguka.
  3. Umutwe: ikirundo cy’ amaso ya nyuma y’ indabo zitakuze neza.
  4. Kugira amababi:ikibazo giterwa n’ihungabana mu mikurire rituma hakorwa amababi ku mutwe aho kugirango hagire ubuso bworohereye.
  5.  Kugira uduheri: kugira utuntu tumeze nk’ uduheri ku mutwe duterwa no kudafumbirwa neza, cyane cyane iyo Azote yabaye nkeya.
  6. Imiterere yegeranye: yoroshye, ntaho igiye itandukaniye, biterwa na cya kibazo cyo kugira amababi no kugirauduheri.
  7. Kumera nk’ ubwoya: korohera
  8. gukura gukabije: kugira ahantu hakuze bidasanzwe cyangwa inenge ku mutwe.
  9. Ubuto: mu cyiciro cya I, bizaba bisobanuye ko 5% by’ ubuso bwose byibasiwe, naho mu cyiciro cya II, 10% by’ ubuso bwose.

4.  UBUZIRANENGE BUSABWA

Intego y’ ibi bipimo ni ukugena ubuziranenge busabwa kuri shufureri nyuma yo kuzitegura no kuzipakira.

I)IBISABWA BY’ IBANZE

Shufureri zigomba kuba zeze, zikuze neza mu buryo buzemerera kwihanganira ubwikorezi no kuzikoraho maze zikagera aho zijyanywe zikimeze neza mu buryo buhagije.

Muri buri cyiciro, indabo zirebwa n’ ibisabwa byihariye kuri buri cyiciro n’ ubwihangane bwemewe, zigomba kuba:

  •       Nta kibazo zifite
  •       zimeze neza; umusaruro wibasiwe no kubora cyangwa kwangirika ku buryo ziba zidakwiriye kuribwa zikurwamo.
  •       Zisukuye, zitagira ikintu cyose kitari shufureri ntizigire n’ ibyonnyi.
  •       zigaragara ko ari mbisi
  •       zidafite ubuhehere buturutse hanze budasanzwe
  •       Zidafite impumuro/icyanga biturutse hanze yazo.

II) IBYICIRO

Shufureri zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitatu by’ ingenzi nk’ uko bigiye gusobanurwa:

a)     ‘ICYICIRO CYO HEJURU

Shufureri zo muri iki cyiciro zigomba kuba zifite ubuziranenge buhanitse. Zigomba kuba ari ikirango cy’ ishusho, imikurire n’ ibara by’ ubwo bwoko. Ikirundo cy’ indabo Kigomba kuba:

  •       Gikozwe neza, gifashe kandi gikomeye.
  •       Zifite ishusho nziza, zifunze neza kandi zifatanye
  •       Ryose rifite ibara ry’ umweru cyangwa rya kereme .
  •       Kidafite inenge iyo ari yo yose
  •       Zose zihuje ingano ndetse n’ ishusho
  •       Byongeye kandi, niba izo shufureri zicurujwe zifite amababi cyangwa amababi yakaswe, amababi agomba kuba agaragara ko atoshye.

b)    ICYICIRO CYA I

Icyiciro cya I- Shufureri zo muri iki cyiciro ziba zifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru. Ziba zigaragaza ubwoko bwazo. Ibirundo by’ indabo bigomba kuba

  • Zikomeye     
  • zifite imiterere yegeranye
  • Ibara ry’ umweru
  • Bidafite ubusembwa nk’ ibibara, amababi aturumbutse mu mutwe, kwangizwa n’ inyamaswa, udusimba cyangwa indwara, utumenyetso tw’ ubukonje cyangwa gukomereka.
  • Ibirundo by’ indabo bishobora kugira ubu busembwa buto bukurikira, gusa bugomba kuba butangiza uko umusaruro ugaragara muri rusange, ubuziranenge, ubushobozi bwo kubikwa n’ uko zigaragara mu ipaki.
  • Inenge nto mu ishusho
  •  Inenge nto y’ ibara
  • Koroha gahoro
  • Byongeye kandi, niba shufureri zicurujwe “zifite amababi” cyangwa “amababi yakaswe”, amababi aba agomba kugaragara ko agitoshye.

c)    ICYICIRO CYA II

Iki cyiciro gishyirwamo shufureri zitujuje ibisabwa ngo zishyirwe mu byiciro byabanje, ariko zikaba zijuje ibisabwa by’ ibanze.

Ibirundo by’ indabo bishobora kuba cyangwa kugira:

  •       gutakaza ishusho buhoro
  •       kurekurana gahoro mu miterere
  •       kugira ibara rijya kuba umuhondo
  •       utumenyetso duto two kubaburwa n’ izuba
  •       gukura gukabije kw' amababi atarenze atanu mu ndabo/umutwe
  •       Zishobora koroha gahoro (ariko ntizibe zitose cyangwa zinyerera nk’ iziriho amavuta iyo umuntu azikozeho)

Zishobora kandi kugira bubiri muri ubu busembwa bugiye kuvugwa, iyo gusa ibirundo by’ indabo bigumana ibibiranga by’ ingenzi mu bijyanye n’ ubuziranenge, ubushobozi bwo kubikika n’ uko zigaragara:

  •       Utumenyetso duto two kwangizwa n’ udusimba, inyamaswa cyangwa indwara.
  •       Kwangizwa n’ ubukonje ho gahoro
  •       Utubara duto

III) AMABWIRIZA AREBANA NO KWIHANGANIRA INENGE

Ibyihanganirwa  mu bijyanye n’ ubuziranenge n’ ingano buzemewa muri buri paki ku musaruro utujuje ibisabwa mu cyiciro cyagaragajwe.

a)    UKWIHANGANIRA IBIJYANYE N’ UBUZIRANENGE

 ‘icyiciro cyo hejuru’- 5%  by’ umubare wa shufureri zitujuje ibisabwa muri iki cyiciro ariko zujuje ibisabwa mu cyiciro cya I cyangwa mu buryo bodasanzwe, ziturutse mu zihanganirwa muri icyo cyiciro.

Icyiciro cya I- 10% by’ umubare wa shufureri zitujuje ibisabwa muri iki cyiciro ariko zujuje ibyo mu cyiciro cya II cyangwa mu buryo budasanzwe, ziturutse mu zihanganirwa muri icyo cyiciro.

Icyiciro II - 10% by’ umubare wa shufureri zitujuje ibisabwa muri iki cyiciro ndetse n’ ibisabwa by’ ibanze, ariko ntihabemo umusaruro wibasiwe no kubora cyangwa ukundi kwangirika gutuma utaba ukwiriye kuribwa n’ abantu.

Ukwihanganira ingano- kuri buri cyiciro: 10% by’ umubare wa shufureri zifite ingano iri hejuru gato cyangwa munsi gato y’ iyagaragajwe ku ipaki.

b)    UKWIHANGANIRA INGANO

Ingano ivugwa ni umurambararo uruta indi, shufureri ikatiwe hagati utambika. Umurambararo uruta indi ugumishwa kuri cm11; ikinyuranyo mu ngano hagati y’ umutwe muto kurusha indi n’ umunini kurusha indi muri buri cyiciro  ntikigomba kurenga cm4.

IV)  AMABWIRIZA AREBA KUGARAGAZA IGICURUZWA

a)    KUBA ZOSE ZISA

Ibigize buri paki (cyangwa icyiciro ku musaruro ugaragazwa mu mbumbe mu modoka z’ ubwikorezi), bigomba kuba bisa kandi bifite shufureri z’ inkomoko imwe, ubwoko bumwe cyangwa ubushingiye kubucuruzi, ubuziranenge, n’ ingano (niba ingano yagenwe). Shufureri zo mu cyiciro cya I zigomba kuba zihuje mu bijyanye n’ ishusho n’ ibara. Ariko rero, uruvange rwa shufureri z’ amoko ashingiye kubucuruzi na/cyangwa ibara zishobora gushyirwa hamwe. Shufureri ntoya zigomba kuba zifite ingano ihuye mu buryo bwumvikana. Zishobora kuvangwa n’ ibindi bicuruzwa bikeya by’ ubundi bwoko n’ inkomoko. Igice kigaragara cy’ ibigize ipaki (cyangwa icyiciro ku musaruro ugaragajwe mu mbumbe mu modoka z’ ubwikorezi) ntugomba kugaragaramo ibindi bintu ibyo ari byo byose.

b)    IBIHUMANYA

  •       Ibisigazwa by’ imiti yica udusimba: umusaruro urebwa n’ ibi bipimo ugomba kuba utarakoreshejweho ingano y’ imiti yica udusimba irenze iyagenwe na komisiyo ya ''codex alimentarius'' kuri iki gicuruzwa.
  •       Ibindi bihumanya: umusaruro urebwa n’ ibi bipimo ntugomba kurenza ingano ntarengwa yagenwe n’ ibipimo rusange y’ ibihumanya n’ uburozi mu biribwa n’ ibyokurya (CODEX STAN 193-1995)

c)      GUPAKIRA

Igipakirwamo kigomba gutuma umusaruro utekana kandi ntiwangirike. Igipakirwamo gikoranaho n’ umusaruro kigomba kuba gikozwe mu byagenewe gukora ku biribwa, gikeye kandi gifite ubuziranenge butuma kirinda umusaruro ukwangirika kwaba ukw’ imbere cyangwa ukw’inyuma. Ikoreshwa ry’ ibikoresho cyane cyane iby’ impapuro cyangwa ibirango by’ ubucuruzi biriho kashe riremewe iyo gusa ugucapa cyangwa ugushyiraho ibirango byakoreshejwe wino cyangwa kole idahumanya. Igipakirwamo ntikigomba kugira umwanda uwo ariwo wose kandi icyo gikozwemo kikaba gishobora kuvugururwa kikongera gukoreshwa.

d)    ISUKU

Ni ngombwa ko umusaruro urebwa n’ amabwiriza y’ ibi bipimo utegurwa ukanakorwaho bikurikije igice bireba mu mabwiriza rusange y’ isuku y’ibyo kurya, amabwiriza y’ imikorere isukuye ku mbuto n’ imboga, n’ izindi nyandiko z’ ingenzi nk’ amabwiriza y’ imikorere isukuye n’ amabwiriza y’ imikorere. Umusaruro ugomba kubahiriza ibigenderwaho bijyanye n’ utunyabuzima duto byashyizweho hakurikije amabwiriza n’ imirongo migari ku ishyirwaho n’ ikoreshwa ry’ ibigenderwaho bijyanye n’ utunyabuzima duto bijyanye n’ ibiribwa.

V) AMABWIRIZA AREBA ISHYIRWAHO RY’ IBIMENYETSO HAGAMIJWE IYOHEREZWA MU MAHANGA

Buri paki igomba kubaho ibi bikurikira cyane cyane mu nyuguti zibumbiye ku ruhande rumwe; zisomeka kandi zidasibika kandi zikagaragara inyuma.

a)    GUSHYIRAHO IBIRANGO

  •       Amakuru akurikira agomba kugaragazwa ku duhago turimo umusaruro mu buryo asomeka kandi adasibika:
  •       Izina ry’ umusaruro ni ukuvuga “shufureri” na/cyangwa ubwoko bushingiye ku bucuruzi niba ibirimo bitagaragarira inyuma
  •       Icyiciro
  •       Kode y’ ingano
  •       Izina n’ aho ubitumiza/ubipakira/ubikwirakwiza abarizwa
  •       Igihugu biturukamo
  •       Uburemere bwite muri kilograma
  •       Kode ibiranga na/cyangwa umubare uranga icyiciro cyasaruriwe rimwe
  •       Izina ry’ ubwoko cyangwa ubushingiye ku bucuruzi
  •       Amabwiriza y’ uko bibikwa
  •       Sitati ya GMO

5.  UMWANZURO

 

Ibyitezwe ni uko ingano y’ imboga zicuruzwa iziyongera cyane mu myaka mike iri imbere. Uko harushaho gukenerwa ibiruseho, cyane cyane mu gice cy’ubukungu kitagengwa n' amategeko, hitezwe ko ipiganwa riziyongera. Akamaro ko guhinga shufureri zujuje ubuziranenge kazarushaho kugaragara kurusha uko biri ubu. Uyu mushinga ushishikajwe kandi uri kugenzura isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ uruhererekane ngenagaciro mu buhinzi bw’ imboga, imbuto n’ indabo mu Rwanda. Aho isoko mpuzamahanga riherereye hose, umusaruro wujuje ubuziranenge bwo hejuru niwo gusa uzemerwa kandi ukabyara inyungu.

Hifashishijwe iyi nyigisho mu guhugura abahinzi n’ ibikorwa bito by’ ubucuruzi bikora ibijyanye na shufureri, ibimaze kugaragazwa hejuru aha bizafasha abahinzi mu kugwiza inyungu iturutse mu icuruzwa rya shufureri.