IBIPIMO BY’ UBUZIRANENGE BW’ INANASI

1.IRIBURIRO

Ibi bipimo by’ ubuziranenge byashyiriweho gutuma ibigo bikora ubuhinzi bw’ imboga, indabo n’ imbuto byuzuza iby’ ibanze bisabwa ngo bihinduke igice cy’ingenzi ku isoko

Ubuziranenge ntabwo burebana gusa n’ inyungu n’ ibihombo cyangwa guhigika abo mupiganwa. Burebana n’ umutekano, kuzuza isezerano no kuzuza iby’ ibanze cyane mubyo umuguzi yiteze. Ariko rero, mu kuzuza ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge, ibigo by’ ubucuruzi bikunze gusarura inyungu ziruseho no kugabanya ibihombo. Ibirenza ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge biba indashyikirwa hejuru y’ ibyo bipiganwa kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kunguka n’ ubudahemuka mu baguzi. Aho niho hari inyungu z’ ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge.

Mu gihe cya none, guharanira ubuziranenge bisuzuma ibipimo bijya mu gicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi mbere y’ uko kijya ku isoko. Mu guharanira ubuziranenge hifashishwa abagenzuzi, rimwe na rimwe bigenga na, rimwe na rimwe abasanzwe muri icyo kigo, mu gusuzuma uko igicuruzwa gikorwa cyangwa uko serivisi zitangwa. Muri ubu buryo, abafashamyumvire bo mu mudugudu w’ ubucuruzi bazafasha mu guhugura no kugenzura umusaruro w’ imboga, imbuto n’ indabo w’ abahinzi mbere y’ uko ugera ku isoko.

Iyi nyigisho izafasha kugera kuri ibi bikurikira:

  1. Kongerera ubushobozi ibigo by’ ubucuruzi ngo bijye bigemura ibicuruzwa bigumana ubuziranenge buhanitse ku isoko, bityo abaguzi banyurwe.
  2. Kuzamura ubuziranenge bw’ imboga, indabo n’ imbuto bigafasha ibigo by’ ubucuruzi kugabanya ibiguzi by’ inyongera biterwa no kwangwa kw’ umusaruro

 

 

2.IBIREBWA N’ IBI BIPIMO

Ibipimo by’ u Rwanda bikoreshwa ku moko acuruzwa y’ inanasi zihingwa ziva mu bwoko bwa Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. yo mu muryango waBromeliaceous, zigezwa ku muguzi zigitoshye, nyuma yo gutegurwa no gupakirwa. Ibi bipimo bitanga umurongo ngenderwaho mu bijyanye n’ubuziranenge bw’ inanasi uhereye ku gusarura, gutunganya, ubwikorezi no gupakira kugeza ku gucuruza. Bisobanura kandi amabwiriza agenga ubuziranenge, ukwihanganira inenge no kugaragaza imbuto ku isoko.

 

3. IMIKORESHEREZE Y’ IBI BIPIMO

Ibi bipimo bigamije gusobanura ubuziranenge busabwa ku nanasi mbisi nyuma yo gutegurwa no gupakirwa. Ibyo aribyo byose ariko, niba bikoreshejwe mu byiciro bya nyuma yo kugurishwa cyangwa nyuma y’ iyoherezwa mu mahanga, umusaruro ushobora kugaragaza bijyanye n’ ibisabwa n’ ibi bipimo:

  1. kubura ho gahoro ubutohe n’ ukubyimba
  2. Ukwangirika gahoro kubera gukura kwazo no kuba zenda kubora

Kuzuza amabwiriza y’ ibi bipimo ntibibuza kuzuza amabwiriza y’ ibipimo by’ amategeko akoreshwa mu gihugu.

Ibi bipimo bikoreshwa ku nanasi zitoshye zifite cyangwa zidafite imitwe iyo gusa inanasi zifite imitwe cyangwa izo imitwe yakuweho zidahurijwe hamwe mucyo zipakiwemo.

 

AMAGAMBO AKORESHWA N’ UBUSOBANURO

Mu magambo akoreshwa n’ ubusobanuro, hakurikizwa ibi bikurikira

  1. Gutoha : igihe utunyangingo tw’ igihingwa twanyoye amazi, tukaba dufite imbaraga
  2. Gutakaza ibara: iyo amababi arenze 10% yatakaje ibara
  3. Byakomerekejwe n' ibikoresho cyangwa ubundi buryo: iyo ugukomereka (kuba zisukuye, kwangizwa n’ imashini) bigize ingaruka zirenze izoroheje ku kugaragara kw’ inanasi.
  4. Kwangirika  iyo agakomere ako ariko kose kagutse mu mubiri birenze mm6.35 n’ iyo agakomere cyangwa itsinda ry’ udukomere rigize ingaruka ku busobukomatanyije w’ uruziga rurenze mm38.1 by' umurabararo .
  5. Gutwikwa n’ izuba: iyo hari ugutakaza ibara n’ ukoroha guto kw’ igihu bigira ingaruka ku busobukomatanyije burengeje mm38.1 by' umurambararo.
  6. Uduhumyo: iyo ibisigazwa by’ uduhumyo bicengeye mu ruhu cyangwa bigatera ugutakaza ibara ku ruhu bigira ingaruka ku buso bukomatanyije burengeje mm6.35 mu bugari.
  7. Kwisatura mo imbere: iyo igice kirenze 5% cy’ umubiri uribwa kigize ibara ry’ ikigina cyoroheje kugeza ku kiringaniye bigabanya mu buryo burenze ubworoheje uburyo igice kiribwa cy’ urubuto kigaragara.
  8. Udusimba no kuribwa n’ udusimba: iyo ubuso bukomatanyije burenga mm12.7 mu murambararo bugaragaza udusimba twabufasheho (urugero. amagaragamba) cyangwa ukundi kwangirika kose guturuka ku kuribwa n’ udusimba, bigabanya mu buryo burenze ubworoheje ubuziranenge bw’ ishusho, ukuribwa n’ ugutwarika by’ urubuto.
  9. Inkovu zo kwisatura: iyo ukwisatura kwakize kugabanya mu buryo burenze ubworoheje ubuziranenge bw’ ishusho, ukuribwa n’ ugutwarika by’ urubuto.
  10. Bikomeretswa n' imashini cyangwa ubundi buryo: iyo ugukomereka (isuku, kwangizwa n’ imashini) bigize ingaruka zirenze izoroheje ku kugaragara kw’ inanasi.

 

 

4.UBUZIRANENGE BUSABWA

Intego z’ibi bipimoni ugusobanura ubuziranenge busabwa ku nanasi nyuma yo gutegurwa no gupakirwa.
 
a) IBY’ IBANZE BISABWA
Mu byiciro byose, inanasi zirebwa n’ amabwiriza kuriburi cyiciro n’ ibyakwihanganirwa zigomba kuba:
• zitangiritse, zuzuye zifite imitwe, ishobora kugabanywa no/cyangwa gukatwa;
• zigaragara ko zitoshye, habariwemo n’ imitwe, igomba kuba idafite amababi yahonze, yumye, atatanye cyangwa yangiritse;
• nziza, umusaruro wibasiwe no kubora  cyangwa kwangirika ku buryo waba udakwiye kuribwa uvanwamo;
• zisukuye, bigaragara ko zidafite akanda ako ariko kose
• zitarahindutse ikigina mo imbere
• zitarangwaho ibyonnyi
• zitarangwaho kwangizwa kwatewe n' ibyonnyi
• zidafite inenge zigaragara, by’ umwihariko ubusate butakize, ugukomereka, ugushwaraturwa, utwobo, ubusate (ubwakize cyangwa ubutarakize)
• zitarangijwe n’ ubukonje cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije;
• zidaifte ubuhehere bw’ inyuma budasanzwe
• Zidafite impumuro n’/cyangwa icyanga bidasanzwe
• Niba uruti rugaragara, rugomba kuba rutarenze cm2 z’ uburebure kandi rukaswe mu buryo butambitse, bugororotse kandi busukuye
 
Imikurire n’ imiterere y’ inanasi bigomba kuba ari ibizemerera:
• kwihanganira ubwikorezi no gukorwaho
• Kugera aho ziganywe zikimeze neza mu buryo bushimishije.
b) KWERA GUSABWA
 
Urubuto rugomba kuba ruhiye neza, i.e. rudafite utumenyetso two kudashya (kutanyurwamo n’urumuri, kutagira icyanga, umubiri ufite utwobo twinsi bikabije) cyangwa gushya bikabije (umubiri unyurwamo n’ urumuri mu buryo bukabije cyangwa wahiye cyane)
 
Gukatira urubuto mo hagati mu burebure ntibigomba kugaragaza umubiri ufite utugozi twinshi cyangwa udafite impumuro.
“Amaso” agomba kuba yuzuye neza, bijyanye n’ uko amaso y’ ubwo bwoko bw’ inanasi yuzura.
Inanasi zigomba kuba zarasaruranywe ubwitonzi kandi zarageze ku kigero gikwiriye cy’ ubukure kandi ugushya kukaba kujyanye n’ ibiranga inanasi zo muri ubwo bwoko zahinzwe mu gace izo zahinzwemo.
Ingano mbumbe y’ ibifatika byayongeye muri urwo rubuto igomba kuba nibura Brix 12°.  Mu gushaka kumenya dogere za Brix, hafatwa umutobe uhagarariye imbuto zose.
 
c) IBYICIRO
Inanasi zishyirwa mu byiciro bitatu by’ingenzi, icyiciro cy’ ikirenga, icyiciro cya I n’ icyiciro cya II
I. ICYICIRO CY’ IKIRENGA
Inanasi zo muri iki cyiciro zigomba kuba zifite ubuziranenge buhebuje. Zigomba kuba zigaragaza/ziranga/zihagarariye ubwoko bwazo mu bya siyansi n’/cyangwa ubwoko bwazo mu by’ ubucuruzi.
Zigomba kuba zidafite inenge, uretse inenge zoroheje zigaragarira inyuma, iyo gusa izi nenge zitagira ingaruka ku kugaragara rusange k’ umusaruro, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge bwo kubikwa n’ ukugaragazwa mu ipaki.
Umutwe niba uriho, ugomba kuba ari umwe kandi ugororotse udafite udushibu, kandi ugomba kuba uri hagati ya 50 n’ 150% by’ uburebure bw’ urubuto ku nanasi zifite imitwe idakase.
Inanasi zo muri iki cyiciro zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa bikurikira:

Iby’ ingenzi bisabwa ku rubuto:

iby’ ingenzi bisabwa ku mitwe:

 

  • Ibiranga ubwoko bihuye;
  • Igaragara ko ikuze kandi itoshye
  • Ifite umubyimba mwiza, ikomeye kandi ifite amaso yakuze neza
  • Uruti rwarakuweho
  • Ibara riranga ubwoko rihuye
  • Uruti rumwe
  • Igororotse biringaniye
  • Ufashe neza ku rubuto
  • Uburebure butarenze inshuro 1.5 z’ uburebure bw’ urubuto

urubuto ruzira:

  • Ubusate bushya
  • Ibimenyetso byo kuribwa n’ impereryi
  • Kwangizwa n’ ubukonje cyangwa kuba ikonje nk’ iyashyizwe mu rubura
  • Gushya bikabije
  • kubora

imitwe izira:

  • Ibishibu ku mitwe
  • Kwangizwa n’ urubura cyangwa gukonja bikabije
  • Kubora

Imbuto zizira kwangizwa n’:

  • ugukomereka
  • Gutwikwa n’ izuba
  • uduhumyo
  • Gucikagurika mo imbere
  • udusimba
  • Inkovu z' ubusate

 Imitwe izira kwangizwa n’:

  • Ugutakaza ibara
  • udusimba

 

 

  1. ICYICIRO CYA I

Inanasi zo muri iki cyiciro zigomba kuba zifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru. Zigomba kuba ziranga ubwoko bwazo mu bya siyansi n’/cyangwa ubwoko bwazo mu by’ ubucuruzi. Inenge nto zikurikira zishobora kwihanganirwa, iyo gusa zitagira ingaruka ku kugaragara rusange k’ umusaruro, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge bwo kubikika n’ ukugaragazwa mu ipaki.

  • inenge nto mu ishusho
  • inenge nto mu ibara, harimo kubaburwa n’ izuba/ibibara bitewe n’ izuba/gutwikwa n’ izuba;
  • Izi nenge ntizigomba kugira na rimwe zigira ingaruka ku gice cy’ urubuto kiribwa.

Umutwe ushobora kuba ari umwe cyangwa ibiri kandi ugororotse cyangwa wihese ho gato, udafite udushibu ku ruhande kandi nturenge 150% by’ uburebure bw’ urubuto. Ntugomba kuba uhengamye birenze dogere 30 zipimiwe ku murongo uhagaze ugabanya urubuto mo kabiri.

Inanasi zo muri iki cyiciro zigomba kuzuza ibisabwa byihariye bikurikira:

 

iby’ ibanze bisabwa ku rubuto:

  • Ibiranga ubwoko bihuye
  • Zigaragara ko zikuze kandi zitoshye
  • Zifite umubyimba mwiza, zikomeye kandi amaso akuze neza
  • Uruti rwakuweho

 

iby’ ibanze bisabwa ku mitwe:

  • Ibara riranga ubwoko rihuye
  • Uruti rumwe
  • Itigonze birenze ibiringaniye
  • Ifashe neza ku rubuto
  • Idafite uburebure buruta inshuro ebyiri z’ uburebure bw’ urubuto

imbuto zizira:

  • Ubusate bushya
  • Ibimenyetso byo kuribwa n’ impereryi
  • Kwangizwa n’ ubukonje cyangwa gukonja
  • Gushya bikabije no
  • kubora

imitwe izira:

  • Kwangizwa n’ ubukonje cyangwa gukonja
  • kubora

 

imbuto zizira kwangizwa n’:

  • ugukomereka
  • Gutwikwa n’ izuba
  • uduhumyo
  • Gucikagurika mo imbere
  • udusimba
  • Ubusate bwakize
  • Ibyatewe n’ imashini cyangwa ubundi buryo

imitwe izira kwangizwa n’:

  • Ugutakaza ibara
  • Gucikagurika kw’ imitwe
  • udusimba

 

 

  1.  ICYICIRO CYA II

Iki cyiciro kijyamo inanasi zitujuje ibisabwa ngo zijye mu byiciro byo hejuru, ariko zujuje iby’ ibanze bisabwa byagaragajwe haruguru.

Inenge zikurikira zishobora kwihanganirwa, iyo gusa inanasi zigumana ibiziranga by’ ingenzi birebana n’ ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge bwo kubikika no kugaragazwa.

  • inenge mu ishusho
  • inenge mu ibara, harimo kubaburwa n’ izuba
  • Inenge mu ruhu (i.e. gushwaraturwa, inkovu, guharaturwa, udukomere n’ inenge) bitarenga 8% by’ ubuso bwose.

Izi nennge ntizigomba na rimwe kugira ingaruka ku gice kiribwa cy’ urubuto

Umutwe ushobora kuba umwe cyangwa ibiri ibangikanye kandi ugororotse cyangwa wihese, udafite udushibu two ku ruhande. Inanasi zo muri iki cyiciro zigomba

 iby’ ibanze bisabwa ku rubuto:

  • Ibiranga ubwoko bihuye
  • Ikuze kandi
  • Ifite umubyimba mwiza

 

 iby’ ibanze bisabwa ku mutwe:

  • Ibara riranga ubwoko rihuye
  • Ufashe neza ku rubuto
  • Utigonze burundu
  • Imitwe itarenze ibiri yakuze neza

 

imbuto zitarangwaho:

  • Ubusate bushya
  • Ibimenyetso byo kuribwa n’impereryi
  • Kwangizwa n’ ubukonje cyangwa gukonja
  • Gushya bikabije no
  • kubora

 

 Imitwe itarangwaho:

  • Kwangizwa n’ ubukonje cyangwa gukonja
  • kubora

 

imbuto zitarangwaho kwangizwa bikomeye n’:

  • ugukomereka
  • Gutwikwa n’ izuba
  • uduhumyo
  • Gucikagurika mo imbere
  • udusimba
  • Ubusate bwakize
  • Ibiterwa n’ imashini cyangwa ubundi buryo

 

imitwe itarangwahi inenge zikomeye nko:

  • Gutakaza ibara n’
  • udusimba

 

 

Ibyiciro bishingiye ku ibara ry’ inyuma
Amabara aranga imbuto ateye ku buryo bukurikira: C0: icyatsi burundu,       C1:  ritangiye guhinduka umuhondo/gusa n’ icunga rihishije kuri ¼ cy’ ubuso bw’ urubuto,     C2:    umuhondo/risa n’ icunga rihishije kuri ½ cy’ ubuso bw’ urubuto
d) AMABWIRIZA AGENGA KUGARAGAZA INANASI
I. GUSA ZOSE
Ibigize buri paki bigomba kuba bihuye kandi bigizwe gusa n’ inanasi zifite inkomoko imwe, ubwoko bumwe mu bya siyansi cyangwa ubwoko bumwe mu by’ ubucuruzi, ubuziranenge n’ ingano.
 
Byongeye kandi, ku cyiciro cy’ ikirenga, uguhuza mu bukure n’ ibara ni ngombwa.
 
Igice kugaragara cy’ ibiri mu ipaki kigomba kuba gihagarariye ibirimo byose.
 
II. GUPAKIRA
Inanasi zigomba gupakirwa mu buryo burinda umusaruro neza.
Igikoreshwa mo imbere mu gipakirwamo kigomba kuba ari gishyashya, gisukuye kandi gifite ubuziranenge bukibuza kwangiza umusaruro haba inyuma cyangwa mo imbere. Ikoreshwa ry’ ibikoresho cyane cyane impapuro cyangwa za kashe ziriho ibiranga umucuruzi riremewe, iyo gusa ugushyiraho ibimenyetso byakoreshejwe wino cyangwa kole bidahumanya.
Ibifatishwa ku musaruro bigomba kuba biteye ku buryo iyo bikuweho bidasiga utumenyetso twa kole tugaragara, cyangwa ngo bitere ukwangirika k’ uruhu.
 
Inanasi zigomba gupakirwa muri buri paki mu buryo bwibahirije CAC/RCP44. Ibipakirwamo bigomba kuzuza ibiranga ubuziranenge, isuku, kwemerera umwuka gutambuka no gukomera kugirango byoroshye gukora ku nanasi, kuzitwara no kuzibungabunga. Amapaki azira akanda ako ariko kose cyangwa impumuro idasanzwe.
 
III. UKUGARAGAZA
 
Inanasi zigomba kugaragazwa:
 
• zirambitse zitambitse mu ipaki
• Zihagaritswe mu ipaki, imitwe ireba hejuru.
e) AMABWIRIZA AREBA GUSHYIRAHO IBIMENYETSO MU KOHEREZA MU MAHANGA
AMAPAKI Y’ ABAGUZI
 
Amabwiriza akurikira arakurikizwa
 
I. IMITERERE Y' IGICURUZWA
 
Niba igicuruzwa kitagaragarira inyuma, buri paki igomba kugaragazwaho izina ry’igicuruzwa  kandi igashyirwaho ibirango bigaragaza izina ry’ ubwoko mu bya siyansi n’/cyangwa ubwoko mu by’ ubucuruzi. Ibura ry’ imitwe rigomba kugaragazwa
 
II. IBIPAKIRWAMO BITARI IBYA DETAYE
 
Buri paki igomba kugira ibi byihariye, mu nyuguti zibumbiye ku ruhande rumwe, bishyizweho mu buryo bwumvikana kandi butahindurwa, kandi bigaragarira inyuma, cyangwa mu nyandiko ziherekeje umuzigo.
 
III. UKURANGA
 
Uwabyohereje mu mahanga, uwabipakiye n’/cyangwa uwabigejeje aho bijya bagomba kugaragazwa amazina n’ aho babarizwa (urugero: umuhanda/umujyi/akarere/agasanduku k’ iposita n’ igihugu niba gitandukanye n’ icyo biturukamo)
 
ICYITONDERWA amategeko y' igihugu mu bihugu byinshi asaba kugaragaza neza izina na aderesi. Ariko rero, iyo hakoreshejwe ikimenyetso cya kode, indanganturo “uwapakiye na/cyangwa uwagejeje aho byajyaga (cyangwa impine biberanye)” igomba kugaragazwa mu buryo bufitanye ya bugufi isano n’ ikimenyetso cya kode, kandi ikimenyetso cya kode kikabanzirizwa na ISO 3166 (alpha) kode y’ igihugu/agace k’ igihugu kibyemera, niba atari igihugu igcuruzwa cyaturutsemo.
 
IV. UBWOKO BW’ UMUSARURO
 
Niba igicuruzwa kitagaragarira inyuma, buri paki igomba kugaragazwaho izina ry’ igicuruzwa kandi igashyirwaho ibirango bigaragaza izina ry’ ubwoko mu bya siyansi n’/cyangwa ubwoko mu by’ ubucuruzi. Ibura ry’ imitwe rigomba kugaragazwa
 
V. AHO UMUSARURO UKOMOKA
 
Igihugu cy’ inkomoko na, bishobora gushyirwaho cyangwa ntibishyirweho, akarere zahinzwemo, izina ry’ akarere cyangwa agace k’ aho hantu.
 
VI. KURANGA MU Z’ UBUCURUZI
• icyiciro
• Ingano (kode y’ ingano izwi cyangwa uburemere buringaniye muri garama)
• Umubare w’ imbuto
• Uburemere bwite (bushobora gushyirwaho cyangwa ntibushyirweho)
• Kode y’ ibara (ishobora gushyirwaho cyangwa ntishyirweho)
• Uburemere mbumbe (bushobora gushyirwaho cyangwa ntibushyirweho)

 

5.UMWANZURO

Guharanira ubuziranenge bifasha kompanyi kugera kubyo abaguzi bifuza n’ ibyo biteze. Ubuzuranenge buhanitse bwubaka icyizere mu baguzi, ari na cyo gituma ikigo cy’ ubucuruzi kibasha gupiganwa ku isoko. Bizigama ibiguzi kandi bigakemura ibibazo bitarakomera, kandi bifasha gushyiraho no kugumana ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge bikumira ibibazo bitaraba. Uyu munsi, gushora mu guharanira ubuziranenge ni ndasimburwa mu bigo byinshi by’ ubucuruzi. Birushaho kugira umumaro iyo bikozwe guhera mu ntangiriro. Iyo guharanira ubuziranenge bikozwe neza, bitanga icyizere, bigasuzuma igicuruzwa kandi bigatuma ibigo by’ ubucuruzi bimenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byabyo bidahangayitse cyane.

Iyi nyigisho rero izafasha abahinzi kugira ubumenyi ku buziranenge n’ ibipimo bisabwa mu gutunganya no gupakira inanasi mu rwego rwo kugera ku byifuzwa ku isoko no kongera ibyinjira.