UBUHINZI BW’INANASI

Inanasi ni urubuto ruboneka mu bice bishyuha by’isi, inanasi ihingwa mu bihugu byinshi muri Afurika. Ikomoka mu majyepfo ya Brezil na Parague kuko ariho haboneka amoko menshi y' inanasi zo mu gasozi. Inanasi ni igihingwa cyera igihe kirekire, kigira indabo nyinshi n' urubuto rugizwe n' utundi twinshi.

Isoko>https://189662-567937-2-raikfcquaxqncofqfm.stackpathdns.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Pineapple-Farming.jpg

 Inanasi ni urubuto rukungahaye kuri vitamin A na C ndetse n' imyunyungugu nka fosifore, kalisiyumu, Manyesiyumu, potasiyumu n' ubutare. Inanasi ishobora kuribwa igisarurwa, gukoramo umutobe cyangwa ikabikwa mu bikombe ikagumana umwimerere wayo. Urubuto kimwe n'ibindi bice byose by'igihingwa rurimo ikinyabutabire cyitwa boromoline gifasha mu igogora ry' ibiryo. Ikoreshwa kandi mu koroshya inyama no mugukana impu. Gufata inanasi mu ifunguro rya buri munsi bifite akamaro kanini mu buzima. Urubuto rw' inanasi rwifitemo ingano igerereye ya seliloze ifasha ibyo twariye kunyura neza mu nzira yabyo, mu kugabanya kuvura kw' amaraso kandi igafasha gukura imyanda mu maraso.

Mu Rwanda, inanasi ihingwa mu turere twose. Intara y' amajyaruguru niyo yeza inanasi nyinshi ikurikiwe n' amajyepfo, uburasirazuba, uburengerazuba niho beza inanasi nkeya ugereranyije n' ahandi. Mu burasirazuba, hafi hegitari 17000 zihinzweho inanasi. Inanasi ni urubuto rw' ingenzi mu Rwanda..Ni igihingwa gishobora gucuruzwa kandi kikabyara inyungu ishimishije.

Ubwoko	Ibiranga ubwoko
Kayeni ( ifite ubwiza ku ishusho kandi irimo agasharire)  IsokoSource:https://www.tropicalpermaculture.com/	Ifite umubiri w' umuhondo kandi yifitemo isukari na aside byinshi. Ipima hafi ibiro 2.5 kugeza kuri 3 Irera cyane, iraryoha, ibikika igihe kirekire Ariko izahazwa cyane n' ibyonyi ndetse n' utunyorogoto duto.
Inanasi itukura ya Esipanye   isoko:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineapple#/media/File	Zifite ibara ry'icunga/ritukura Ibibabi bijya kugira ishusho ya kare, birakomeye, bifite uduhwa ariko bigira impumuro nziza Urubuto rwayo rujya gusa n' umuhondo, rukagira n' impumuro nziza Ifite sellulose nyinshi bituma ikomera, ntibe yoroshye nk' izindi mbuto Ibereye gucuruzwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga Ipima hagati y' ikilo 1 na 2
Vigitoriya  cyangwa  se Umwamikazi   Isoko: dreamstime.com	Nk' uko bitanganzwa n' inzobere mu by' inanasi, ubwoko bw' inanasi bwa Vigitoriya / Umwamikazi ni agahebuzo. Ifite uburyohe n' impumuro yihariye n' ibara rikurura ijisho Ikungahaye kuri kalisiyumu, feri, manyeziyumu, ndetse na vitamini A,B,C na E Yihanganira indwara n' ubukonje kurusha andi moko yose y' inanansi Ipima hafi ikilo 1.5 Ntabwo zibikika neza mu bikopo, ibyiza ni ukuzirya zigisarurwa
Inanasi y' isukari nke Isoko: https://www.specialtyproduce.com/produce/Sugar_Loaf_Pineapple_786.php	- Zifite ishusho iburungushuye zikaba nto ku mutwe Urubuto rukomeza gusa nk' icyatsikibisi n'iyo ruhishije neza - Umubiri wazo urera kandi uroroshye cyane utarimo utugozi nk' utuboneka mu yandi moko y' inanasi, . - Zifite intungamubiri ziganjemo manganeze, potasiyumu, kalisiyumu na vitamin C n' indi myunyungugu. Izi ntungamubiri zirimo zifasha mu igogora no kurinda indwara ndetse no kugabanya ububabare mu mubiri - Imwe ipima hagati y' ibiro 2.3 na 2.7

 

Ubutaka: ubutaka bubereye guhingwamo inanasi ni ubutaka butareka amazi, burimo umucanga muto cyane, bufitemo imborera nyisnhi kandi bukaba buseseka byibuze kugera kuri cm 60. Inanasi yera neza mu butaka buri ku gipimo cy' ubusharira buri hagati ya 4 na 5.ubutaka bushaje bw' imisozi buba bufite ubusharire buke ntabwo butanga umusaruro ushimishije. Irinde ubutaka bw' umukara cyangwa ubwo mu bishanga ndetse n' ubutaka bw' ibumba buba bushobora kurengerwa n' amazi

Imvura: inanasi zera neza ku kigero cy' imvura iri hagati ya mm 650 na 3.800 bitewe n' ubwoko, akarere ndetse n' ubuhehehere bw' ikirere buri hagati ya 70 na 80%. Igipimo cy' imvura ikwiye ni mm 1.100. umuntu ashobora kubona umusaruro ushimishije ku kigero cy' imvura ya mm 750, isaranganije neza ku mwaka wose cyangwa habayeho no kuvomerera (mm 600 na mm2500 bikaba aribyo bipimo ntarengwa byo hasi no hejuru). Kuvomera ni ngombwa ukimara gutera, kiretse igihe uteye mu gihe cy'imvura. Igihe inanasi zamaze gufata, kuvomerera bikenerwa gusa nyuma y' igihe kirekire nta mvura igwa.  Kuvomerera bigomba gukorwa bamisha amazi ariko ukirinda ko amazi areka kuko inanasi zitihanganira kuba mu mazi.

Igipimo cy' ubushyuhe: inanasi zera neza mu bibaya byo gice cyegereye umurono ugabanya isi mo kabiri no munsi yacyo (tropical and subtropical: ingere y' ubushyuhe) ahari ikirere gishyushye, gihehereye kandi hatari ubushyuhe ndengakamere. Inanasi year mu gace gafite ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 18 na 45 ^oCC , 25^oC zikaba agahebuzo, ariko kandi inanasi ishobora kwihanganira ubukonje bw' ijoro bw' igihe gito. Ubukonje burambye budindiza imikurire, bugatinza kwera kandi bugatuma urubuto rusharira cyane. Ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 2oC butuma inanasi ita ibara, bityo, mu duce dukonja, bagomba kwita cyane ku bushyuhe n' ubuhehere bikwiye kugirango babashe kweza inanasi

Ubutumburuke: inanasi zikura neza ku kigero cy; ubutumburuke butarenze 2000m ufatiye ku nyanja.  Ubutumburuke  bugira  ingaruka  ku buryohe n' impumuro y' urubuto, hejuru ya m 1800 imbuto ziba zikarishye zirimo aside nyinshi.

4.1 Gutera imbuto

N' ubwo  imbuto z' inanasi zishobora guterwa zigisarurwa, zifite igihu gikomeye ndetse n' umubriri ukomeye. Izi mbuto ziboneka binyuze mu kubangurira umuntu abigizemo uruhare. Inyinshi mu zibangurirwa ntizigira imbuto, kubw' ibyo umusaruro w' imbuto zishobora kumera uba muke. Gutera imbuto z' inanasi bikoreshwa gusa mu bushakashatsi mu rwego rwo guhindura imiterere y' inanasi. Igihe uziteye utabanje kuzitaho by' umwihariko, zimera buhoro buhoro kandi ntizimerere icyarimwe. Igihe zibanje gushyirwa muri aside sulifirike zishobora kumera nyuma y' iminsi icumi. Nyamara ariko imbuto zimera ari nyinshi (75 - 90%) kandi zigatanga ingemwe zishishe iyo zatewe zitabanje gushyirwa muri iyo aside. Ingemwe ziterwa zimaze amezi 15-18 zikazatangira kwera nyuma y' amezi 16-30 nyuma yo guterwa mu murima.

1. Gutera hadakoreshejwe imbuto

Ikwirakwizwa ry' inanasi ntirikorwa hakoreshejwe imbuto zisanwe ahubwo batera ibishibu.

Inanasi ishobora guterwa hkoreshejwe uburyo butatu: isunzu, ibisambo n' ibishibu

• Isunzu ni igice gifite ibibabi gisoza urubuto rw'inanasi. Zikurira rimwe kandi ntihabonekemo izera imburagihe. Muri rusange, zera numa y' amezi 25/28 zitewe.

• Ibisambo bishibuka ku ruti rw' urubuto. Bishobora gutangira kuzana imbuto nyuma y' amezi 22-24 .

• Ibishibu/imibyare ni ibishibuka ku ruti rw' igihingwa. Nizo zitanga umusaruro mwinshi ariko zitangira kugira imbuto bitinze.

Inanasi zikura buhoro cyaneIyo hatewe ibisambo bifata hafi umwaka mbere yo kurabya, imibyare yo ifata hafi umwaka n' igice mu gihe gutera ingeri byo bifata hafi imyaka ibiri n' igice.Nyuma yo kurabya, urubuto rufata andi mezi atandatu kugirango rwere neza.
 

Kugirango ugire umurima inanasi zikura ziringaniye, ni ngombwa  guhitamo imbuto z' ikigero kimwe.
Imbuto zose zigomba kubikwa zicuritse mu gicucu mu gihe cy' amezi atatu mbere yo guterwa mu butaka. Ubutaka bugomba kuba buseseka cyangwa ubutaka bwabanje kuvomererwa. Ugomba guhitamo imbuto zitarangwaho uburwayi kandi zishishe ( inziza cyane ni izifite 400-500g z' uburemere). Ibyana bishobora kwihanganira kuma k' ubutaka ariko si cyane nk' imibyare. Ibyana biratandukana cyane mu ngano bituma biba ngombwa kuzivangura hakurikijwe ingano kugirango uzagire umurima usa wose.

• Ushobora gukoresha toni 5-10 by' ifumbire y' imborera  kuri hegitari mbere yo gutera ndetse n' ibiro 180-200 bya fosifate.
•  Azote ni imwe  mu ntungamubiri ikenewe cyane kuva inanasi zikiri nto.  Igomba gushyirwamo ukwezi kumwe nyuma yo gutera.
• 23.5 g za ire (46-0-0) zongerwamo ku mezi 4 (1/3) nyuma yo gutera, ku mezi 6 (1/3) no ku mezi 8 (1/3).
• Igihe ubutaka bufite ubusharire buke, hagomba kongerwamo ubutare (feri) hafi y' intsinzi y' inanasi.

• Amezi 3-6 mbere y' uko zera, hongerwamo NPK 16:4:12 g kuri buri gitsinsi

• Umunyu ngugu wa potasiyumu wongerwamo ku kigero cya 13gr kuri bur gitsinsi,  ku mezi atandatu nyuma yo gutera.

• Nyuma yo gusarura bwa mbere, izizashibuka zose zizakenera kongera guhabwa ifumbire nk' izambere

 

Icyitonderwa

Inanasi ntizikunda ubutaka burimo ishwagara, Ishwagara igimba kongerwamo gusa igihe ubutaka bufite ubusharire bwinshi kugirango bugabanuke.

Amababi y' umuhondo ni ikimenyetso cyo kubura feri mu butaka, bimeze gutyo ushobora gusuka ku mababi amazi arimo feri.

 

ibimenyetso byo kubura intungagihingwa

        a) Azote: ibimenyetso ni kugwingira, ibibabi bigira ibara ry' icyatsi kerurutse kiganisha ku muhondo, bihereye ku mutwe w'ibibabi bishaje bishobora kuzana urupfu rw' igihingwa cyangwa guhunguka kw' amababi akuze. Kuvomerera amababi ukoresheje amazi arimo ire ku kigero cya 1-2% mu buryo buhoraho bishobora gukosora ibi bibazo.

B) Fosifore: ibimenyetso bigaragara mbere na mbere ku mabababi akuze. Amababi aba matoya kandi afunganye afite ibara rijya kuba ikijyina. Ibibabi bigaragaza ahantu hagiye huma hanyuma agahunguka.  Ingamba zo kubikosora: kongera ifumbire irimo fosifore mu butaka cyangwa kuvomerera ibibabi amazi arimo DAP kuri 2%.

 

c) Potasiyumu: ibimenyetso bigaragara mbere na mbere ku mabababi akuze, akagira ibara rijya gusa n' icunga, umuhondo cyangwa icyatsi kijimye. Uruhande rwo hejuru

rutakaza ibara rugasa n' umutuku ujya kuba ikigina, ibibabi bikiri bito biguma biri icyatsi kibisi cyijimye. Ibibabi birinzinga bikaraba, Ingamba zo gukosora

 

d) Karisiyumu: ibibabi bitoto bihindura ibara bigasa n' icyatsi cyijimye ubundi bikizinga, nyuma bikazahinduka icyatsi kibisi kijya kuba rose cyangwa umutuku. Udushibuka twa nyuma turagwingira. Ingamba zo gukosora: gushyiramo CaSO₄, 2kg ku gitsinsi ku mwaka

 

imyunyungugu ikenewe ku ngano nke

1. Bore: imbuto zigenda zigaragaza kuma, zitngira ziba ikigina bihereye imbere mu gihe igice cy' inyuma cyo kiba gikomeye. Uku kuma bigenda byerekeza inyuma bituma hagaragara uduce twirabura ku rubuto inyums bitewe n' ubukana by' uburwayi. Kubikosora: gutera ku mababi borax kuri 0.5%

b) Umuringa (cuivre) ibihingwa bigaragaza muri rusange amababi atendera, uruti rw' ikibabi rukaba rugufi, n' ibibabi bikaba bitoya. Ingamba zo gukosora: gutera amababi CuSO_{4 ,} 1 - 2%

c) Ubutare (feri) ibimenyetso bigaragara mbere na mbere mu bibabi bitoto. Ibibabi bihindura ibara. Ingamba zo gukosora: gutera amababi FeSO4 kuri 0.5 – 1.0%

d) Zenke: kugwingira, ibibabi bifunganye bias n' icyatsi kibisi cyerurutse cyangwa umuhondo. Kuma kw' imitsi yo mu kibabi bitangiriye ku isonga ry' ikibabi bigakomereza ku tundi duce ariko bigasiga urushyi rw' ikibabi ari icyatsikibisi. Ingamba zo gukosora: gutera ku mababi ZnSO₄ kuri 0.5 %.

Ubuhinzi bwivugurura ni uburyo bw' imihingire bwakozweho ubushakashatsi igihe kirekire n' imihingire itangiza ibidukikije nk' ubuhinzi budakoresha imvaruganda, bwita ku rusobe rw' ibinyabuzima kandi burambye. Ubuhinzi  bwivugurura ntibuhungabanya ibidukikije ndetse n' inyamaswa. Bwongera urusobe bw' ibinyabuzima bukubaka kandi bugaha ubutaka ubuzima, bukarinda isuri kandi bugatuma ibidukikije birushaho kuba neza.  Ubu buhinzi bugamije kandi gufata karuboni munsi y' ubutaka no hejuru yabwo, ibihingwa n' ibiti, bigasubiza inyuma ubwiyongere bwo kohereza ibyuka bya karuboni mu kirere biriho byiyongera muri iki gihe cya none. Ubu buryo bugomba gukoreshwa mu buhinzi bw' inanasi kugirango haboneke umusaruro ushimishije, bugatanga akazi kandi aho abahinzi bakorera hakaba hadashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga.

Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima: Gusimburanya ibihingwamu murima bigomba kubahirizwa ku buryo inanasi igaruka mu murima yahozemo nyuma y' imyaka myinshi. Ibihingwa bikunzwe gusimburanywa n' inanasi  ni ubunyobwa, ibishyimbo, umuceri n' imboga. Mu rwego rwo gutegura umurima uzahingwamo inanasi, ushobora guhinga ibihingwa bitanga ifumbire nk' inkori nyuma ukabihingiraho. Gusimburanya ibihingwa ni ngombwa mu rwego rwo kwirinda utunyorogoto two mu mizi twangiza imizi ndetse n' utundi tunyorogoto dushobora gutuma umusaruro ugabanuka cyane. Mu kurushaho kurinda inanasi konwa, ni byiza guhinga hagati y' inanasi ibihingwa bizwi ko birwanya utunyorogoto two mu mzi nka borokoli.

Kuvanga ibihingwa: mu mwaka wa mbere, mu mwanya munini usigara hagati y' imirongo ibiri iteganye iteweho inanasi n' indi mirongo ibiri iteganye, ushobora guhingamo ubunyobwa cyangwa ibishyimbo.  Ibi bituma ubutaka burushaho kumera neza.  Abenshi mu bahinzi batema ibiti byose mbere yo guhinga inanasi ariko sibyo. Mu by' ukuri, inanasi zikura neza zikanatanga n' urubuto rwiza iyo hari agacucu. Uretse urutoki, ushobora guhinga ibiti bike hagati y' imirongo y' inanasi kugirango zibone agacucu.

1. Guhitamo no gutegura ahazahingwa inanasi: gutegura umurima bigomba gukorwa neza cyane kuko inanasi igira imizi itajya mu kuzimu cyane, ikaba yakangizwa cyane no guhingwamo nyuma yo guterwa. Gutegura umurima uko bikwiye bifasha imizi gukura neza, kudategura umurima neza bigabanya umusaruro.

Ugomba kurandura ibyatsi bibi, ukareka bikuma ukabirunda ubundi ukabitwika.  Ahantu ubutaka burimo ibumba ryinshi, ni ngombwa guhingira inanasi no mu gihe kitari icy' imvura kugirango imizi ibashe gucengera mu butaka. Guhinga kugera kuri 45cm. Nyuma yo guhinga, ugomba gukoresha rato kugirango uringanize ubutaka bwo hejuru. Abahinzi bahinga imirima mito bashobora inanasi zashaje bakoresheje amabokoariko abahinzi banini bakoresha isuka nini (imashini) barandura no gukatagura ibitsinzi n' ibibabi.

b) Gutera no kwita ku buhumbikiro (pepiniyeri)

• Gutegura imbuto z' imibyare
• Gutegura imbuto ukoresheje isunzu
• Gutegura imbuto ukoresheje ibisambo
• Gutera utunyangingo

 

Ibice by' inanasi bishobora gukoreshwa nk' imbuto

 Imibyare ni ibishibu bishibuka ku gitsinsi hasi naho ibishibu bikurira mu mbavu z' ibibabi mu gice cyo hejuru. Imibyare n' ibishibu zibyarwa n' igihingwa nyuma yo kurabya. Ibisambo bivuka ku ruti rw' urubuto naho isunzu ni umutwe usoza urubuto. Guhinga utunyangingo bikorerwa muri laboratwari kandi akenshi biba bitarangwaho uburwayi.

c) Gutera

Imibyare igeze igihe cyo guterwa mu murimaSuckers that are ready for transplanting. Source https://www.tropicalpermaculture.com/pineapple-growing.html

Gutera bikoreshwa intoki, ushobora kwifashsha imashini itera.Gukoresha imashini bituma utera imbuto zigiye umujyo umwe kandi zitenze neza ku mirongo.

 

Intera yo gutereraho:

- Inanasi ziterwa ku mabimba hagati, ku va ku ntima y' ibimba rimwe kugera ku ntima y' irindi hagomba kubamo intera ya 1.5m

- Buri bimba rigomba kugira imirongo ibiri y' ibihingwa

-  Hagati y' imirongo hagomba kubamo intera ya 60cm

- Hagati y' igihingwa n' ikindi ku murongo, hajyamo intera ya 30cm

 

d) Igihe cy' itera:

• Gutera bikorwa mu ntangiriro z' igihe cy' imvura cyangwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose niba aho hantu havomererwa.
•  Ibibabi byo hasi ku ruti bigomba gukurwaho kugirango igice kizameraho imizi kibe cyegereye ubutaka. Iyo ibi bidakozwe, inanasi zitinda gufata.
• Ingano y' ibihingwa mu murima
  • Inanasi zitanga umusaruro ushimishije iyo zitewe ari nyinshi mu murima, umusaruro utandukana bitewe n' uturere.
  •  Abahinzi bamwe bakoresha imirongo ibiri, abandi 3 cyangwa kurenza.

e) Uburyo bwo gutera

Imbuto ziterwa hakurikijwe umujyo wa mpandeshatu.

• Gutera ku gitanda kiringaniye gikoreshwa ahantu hadashobora kuba isuri
• Igitanda kirengeye: ubu buryo buberanye n' ahantu h' ibibaya. Muri rusange mu mirongo 2-3 . imigende hagati y' ibitanda ifasha kujyana no kuvana amazi mu turima igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa.
• Gutera mu migende umurima ugaburwamo imifurege, akenshi ifite ubugari bwa 90cm igenda isimburana n' ahegutse. Ahantu hahanamye, imigende ikorwa ihabanye n' ikerekezo cy'ubuhaname.
• Gutera ku ruziga: bikorwa mu rwego rwo kwirinda isuri iterwa n' imvura nyinshi

 

1. Ifumbire y' imborera

Igihe ibinyamisogwe byaba byakoreshejwe nk' ibihingwa bitwikira ubutaka, byafatwa nk'aho bitanga ingano ifatika ya azote mu butaka igihe habarwa ingano y' ifumbire ikenewe. Bimeze bityo, ifumbire ifite ikigero kiri hejuru cya C/N igomba gukoreshwa. Niba bishoboka, ifumbire y' imborera igomba kunyanyagizwa incuro ebyiri zitandukanye: igice kimwe (2.5 toni) mbere yo gutera na 2.5 toni mbere yo kurabya. Ariko iyo azote ibaye nyinshi ituma imbuto ziba zigira isukari nke mu mutobe, hakaba amasunzu n' ibisambo byinshi, bibangamira ubunini bw' urubuto. Ibura rya potasiyumu rishobora gukosorwa hashyirwamo  ivu ry' ibiti (rivanze n' imborera). Nta fumbire igomba gushyirwamo nyuma y' uko inanasi itangiye gupfundika ururabo

Kubagara no gusasira

kurwanya ibyatsi

• Kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza ku isarura rya kabiri, umurima ugomba kuba usa neza kandi udapfukiranye
• Abahinzi bagomba guhora bakuramo ibyatsi ku mirongo no hagati y' imirongo ndetse no mu tuyira
• Ibinyabutabire byica ibyatsi bishobora gukoreshwa nka Aminitriazol, paraquat, glyphosate, dalapan, Bromacil ukoreshe 2-5 kg kuri hegitari.

Gusasira

• Amashahsi y' umukara afite hafi 90cm z' ubugari akunzwe gukoreshwa mu gusasira imirima minini. Ishashi riamburwa ku murima, impera zayo zigatwikirwa itaka mu gihe aho igihingwa gitereye ho hapfumurwa.
• Ibyatsi byumye n' ibarizo nabyo bishobora gukoreshwa nk' isaso
• Isaso ryongera ubushyuhe mu butaka hafi y' imzi, igafasha mu kubika ubuhehehere bw' ubutaka bityo imizi igakura ndeste igafasha mu kurwanya ibyatsi bibi mu murima.

3. Kuvomerera

Kuvomerera ni ingenzi buri gihe nyuma yo gutera kereste habaye ari mu gihe cy' imvura. Nyuma y' uko inanasi zimaze gufata neza, kuvomerera bikenewe gusa igihe habaye igihe kirekire imvura itagwa. Hagomba kwirinda ko amazi areka ahatewe inanasi kuko zitihanganira kurengerwa.

 

 

Icyonyi	Icyo cyangiza	Kuyirwanya
Tiripusi   Isoko:  ehinga.org	Zirya ururabo bituma urubuto rugaragaza 'amaso apfuye' Zirya kandi n' isunzu w' urubuto bituma ibibabi byizingazinga	Kurwanya ibyatsi bibi impande z' inanasi Kurandura ibitsinzi byafashwe cyane Kurwanya tiripusi zikiri nto, izimaze gukura ntiziba zigikwirakwiza virusi Gukoresha insegitiside Umushonge wa tungurusumu uterwa ku gihingwa cyose cyane cyane kare mu gitondo
Akamatirizi k' inanasi Isoko: ehinga.com	Utumatirizi turiburungushuye, zigira ibara rijya kuba irosa, zireshya hafi 3mm, zitwikiriwe n'umushnge w' umweru Ni cyo cyonyi kibi cyane mu nananasi Zifata cyane imizi ndetse n'igice cyo hasi cy' uruti hafi y' ubutaka ariko dushobora no kufata aho indabo zifatiye ku ruti, imbuto zikiri nto n' izeze ndetse n' isunzu Aho turi turangwa n' umushonge w' umweru ugaragara cyane ku ngingo, ku ruhande rwo hasi rw' ikibabi , ku rubuto no ku mizi	Kurwanya inshish kugirango udukoko turya utwo dusimba tubashe kororoka Gukoresha imbuto zaturutse mu murima utaragarayemo inanasi zirwaye Gushyira imbuto  mu mazi ashyushye ku kigero cya  50oC  mu gihe cy' iminota 30 Kayene izahazwa cyane n' iki cyonyi ariko ubwoko bwa spanishi bwo busa n' aho  budashoborwa  n' iyi ndwara.

 

 

 

 

Indwara		Ibimenyetso		Kuyirwanya
Korositerovirusi yo kuma kw' inanasi ikwirakwizwa n' utumatirizi   IsokoSource: pesnet.org		Isonga ry' ibibabi bihinduka umuhondo-umutuku ku mutuku weruye, uku guhindura ibara bigenda bikwira ikibabi cyose uko iminsi ihita Ibibabi bihindura ibara bikagaragaza ibimenyetso byo kuraba Ibihingwa byazahajwe n' ubu burwayi biragwingira, bikera utubuto dutoya cyane kandi tuteze neza Ingaruka za mbere z' iyi ndwara zigaragarira ku mzi igahagarara gukura , ikuma hanyuma ikabora Iyi ndwara ikwirakwizwa no gutera imbuto yanduye		Kurwanya inshish kugirango udukoko turya utwo dusimba tubashe kororoka Gukoresha imbuto zaturutse mu murima utaragarayemo inanasi zirwaye Gushyira imbuto  mu mazi ashyushyeku kigero cya 50oC mu gihe cy' iminota 30 Kayene izahazwa cyane n' iki cyonyi ariko ubwoko bwa spanishi bwo busa n' aho  budashoborwa n' iyi ndwara.
Virus itera ibibara by' umuhondo   IsokoSource: researchgate.net		Isa na virusi itera ibibara by' inyanya Ibyatsi byinshi byo mu gasozi nk' ibishokoro (inyabarasanya) na rwiziringa nizo zibika iyi ndwara Iyi virus ikwirakwizwa na tiripusi ibimenyetso: urubuto rugaragaza ibice bimwe na bimwe byirabura, byapfuye bitewe n' uko hari amaso yapfuye		Kurwanya ibyatsi mu murima no ku mpande zawo Guca imbuto zigaragaza ibimenyetso by' indwara Kwirinda gutera inanasi impande z' imirima y' inanasi zirwaye cyangwa zigaragaramo tiripusi
Ububore bwirabura IsokoSource:  pestnet.org		hUbubore bwirabura ni indwara ifata imbuto z' inanasi nyuma yo gusarurwa igafata imbuto zakomeretse Imbuto zigisarurwa, zakomeretse nizo zifatwa n' ububore bwirabura hamwe n' uruhumbu rwirabura.		Kwita cyane ku nanasi mu gihe cyo gusarura no gupakira wirinda kuzikomeretsa. Zikimara gusarurwa,  imbuto zishobora gushyirwa mu muti wica uduhumyo Mu gihe cyo kumenera, kwirinda ko ubutaka burwaye bwahura n' igihingwa bukacyanduza. Guhinga ku mitabo yegutse hirindwa ko amazi yareka mu murima akaba indiri yo kororoka k' uduhumyo Gukuraho ibyatsi byose mu mpande z' umurima bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura Kwirinda gutera imibyare igitemwa ahubwo ukabanza kuyishyira ku kazuba Gukuramo inanasi zirwaye
Ububore bw' umutwe n' imizi   IsokoSource: plantvillage.psu.edu	Impera z' ibibabi zirahindukira kandi ibibabi bikava ku ruti bitaruhanije Imbere, uruti n' intangiriro y' ibibabi ziroroha, zikabora kandi zikagira impumuro mbi Mu ngino z' uruti hamera nka foromaje Iboneka cyane mu bihingwa bikiri bito, hagati y' amezi 3 na 8 Imvura y' umuriri, amazi yo kuhira no kurumwa n' udukoko nibyo bikwirakwiza iyi ndwara		Kwirinda guhinga inanasi ahantu hashobora kureka amazi Kuyobora amazi ku buryo bunoze Kongera ubwiza bw' ubutaka ukoresha gusimburanya ibihingwa no gukoresha ifumbire y' imborera Kwirinda gusuka amazi ku bihingwa Imbuto zo gutera zishobora kwinikwa mu muti wica uduhumyo ukozwe mu muringa mbere yo gutera Guhinga imbuto zirwanya indwara

Gusarura inanasi biterwa n' ikigero kigaragaza ko zeze cyangwa ibara ry' umubiri wayo n' icyo igamijwe gukoreshwa. Mu mirima mito, inanasi isarurwa hakoreshejwe amaboko gusa. Urubuto rukurwa kuri nyina hakoreshejwe icyuma cyangwa kuvuna uruti rw'  urubuto urukura kuri nyina nk' uko bikorwa ku bwoko bwa Kayene. Imbuto zigomba kurundwa cyangwa zigashyrwa ahantu hari igicucu kandi hasukuye hirindwa gutakaza ibiro no kwandura indwara. Ibitebo byo gutwaramo bigomba gusaswamo ibyatsi niba impande zikagasje cyane kugirango zidakomeretsa imbuto. Mu buhinzi bunini, isarura rikorwa n' imashini. Imashini isarura inyura ku murongo, ikagenda izikata izishyira mu kintu kinini hanyuma zikajyanwa ku modoka nini itwara imizigo.  

1. Ibikorerwa mu nzu yo gupakiriramo

Imbuto zigomba gutegurirwa kujya ku isoko mu inzu yabugenewe aho zirindwa ubushyuhe bukabije, izuba ndetse n' imvura. Inzu yo gupakiriramo ifasha kandi nk' ahantu ho kugurira umusaruro w' abahinzi bato. Igenzura ry' ubuziranenge rikorerwa aho kugirango inanasi zibe zuzuje ubwiza busabwa n' abakiliya. Ingano y' inzu yo gupakiriramo izaterwa n' ubwinshi bw' imbuto zizanyuramo ku ncuro imwe ( nk' itegeko, kuri buri toni , hakenewe 20m² ).

a) Gukata ibibabi Inanasi zasaranywe uruti rwazo rugomba gukatwa hafi y' aho urubuto rutangirira  kugirango hagabanywe gukomeretsanya kw' imbuto mu gihe cyo gupakira. Bashobora gukoresha icyuma gityaye kandi gisukuye kugirango ukate.

 b) Gutoranya no gushyira mu byiciro

Ikigero cyo kwera kw' inanasi Isoko:  http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/inpho/docs/Post_Harvest_Compendium_-_Pineapple.pdf

Urunyurane mu ngano n' ikigero cyo kwera bitewe n' aho inanasi yakuriye bikunda kugaragara mu nanasizasaruwe.Ni ngombwa rero gutoranya mu murima aho inanasi zifite inenge zikurwamo ntizipakirwe ngo zijyanwe mu nzu yo gupakiriramo. Gtornya bwa nyuma no gushyra mu byiciro mu nzu yo gupakiriramo bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibyifuzo by' abakiriya. Ku nanasi zo koherezwa mu mahanga, imbuto zigomba gutoranywa hagendewe ku rugero rwo gushya kwazo n' ibiro kandi zigashyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe "ibyiciro n' amabwiriza ku inanasi"

 

c)  kuzisiga amido

Gusiga inanasi amido bikorwa kugirango bikerereze gushya no kugabanya gutakaza amazi, bityo bikongera igihe zimara zigifite umwimerere cyangwa zishobora gucuruzwa. Igabanya kandi ibibazo byaterwa n' ubukonje byitwa umutima wirabura. Ubwoko bwa amido bushobora gukoreshwa harimo Sta Fresh (bitumizwa mu mahanga) cyangwa izikorerwa iwacu amavuta  hifashishijwe amavuta aribwa cyangwa aya minerali. Ku bwoko bwa kwini (Queen pineapple) hakoreshwa umuti ukozwe mu amavuta ya minerali ugizwe n' umugabane umwe w' amavuta, imigabane makumyabiri y' amazi n'umugabane umwe w' isabune yoza 1:20:1. Ku bwoko bwa kayene ho hakoreshwa Sta Fresh ikozwe n' umugabane umwe w'amido,  imigabane 6 y' amazi ndetse n' undi muti ukozwe n'imvange y' amavuta n' amazi.

d) Gupakira no Gupfunyika

Inanasi zipakirwa hakoreshejwe amaboko mu byo bazitwaramo (ibitebo, ibikarito, udusanduku) mu buryo buringaniye, imbuto zirambitse ku buryo isunzu n' igice cyo hasi bigenda bisimburana. Ubu buryo bwo gupakira nib wo busabwa mu gupakira inanasi za kwini kubera imbuto zazo nto. Ku bwoko bwa kayene, ni byiza gupakira imbuto mu cyo bapakiramo zihagaritse mu buryo bw' isunzu ku rindi cyangwa igice cyo hasi ku kindi.

Gupakira neza umusaruro bigira umumaro ukurikira:

• kurinda gutakaza impumuro
• kurinda umusaruro gutakaza uburyohe
• Gutanga igihe gihagije cyo kubikwa
• Kurinda ko ubuhehere buba bwinshi cyane cyangwa bukeya cyane
• Kurinda umusaruro ibyawangiza
• Kuba hari umwanya uhagije wo gucapa amakuru akenewe y' umusaruro.

 

e) Ubwikorezi

Gutwarira inanasi hamwe hakoreshejwe imodoka zidakonjesha nibwo buryo buhendutse bwo gutwara inanasi kuva aho zahinzwe kugera ku isoko. Kugabanya ko zibyigana cyangwa kwangizanya mu gihe zitwariwe hamwe, imodoka igomba kubamo imitambiko iyigabanyamo ibice. Imbuto zigomba gutengwa zirambitse ku mbavu zazo mu buryo isunzu n' igice cyo hasi bigenda bisimburana. Ubwikorezi  bugomba gukorwa mu gihe hari amafu cyangwa se igihe cya nijoro.

Nyuma yo kugeza umusaruro w' inanasi mu nzu ipakirirwamo, zishyirwa mu byiciro hagendewe ku ngano yazo, uko zigaragara n' uburemere bwazo. Inini cyane zipima hafi ibiro 4.5 zijya mu cyiciro cyazo zitandukanijwe n' izipima ibiro 2.5. Imbuto zashyizwe mu byiciro zozwa mu mazi asukuye kandi akenshi hagakoreshwa amido kugirango ukureho ibibara bishobora kuba kugaragara nyuma yo kwitabwaho. Gukuraho isunzu ugasiga gusa utubabi duke tumeze neza. Inanasi yose ihiye cyane tuyikuramo tukayirekera kuzakorwamo umutobe.

 

Inanasi zipakiwe ziteguriwe isoko Isoko:  dominicangoldfruit.com

 

 

 

Amashakiro

http://www.ehinga.org/eng/articles/pineapple/crop_management

https://www.infonet-biovision.org/PlantHealth/Crops/Pineapple

https://www.accessagriculture.org/intercropping-pineapples

https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/integrated-pest-managment/ipm-for-fruit-crops/ipm-strategies-for-pineapple/nutritional-deficiencies-of-pine-apple

https://www.itfnet.org/v1/2016/05/pineapple-agronomy/

https://fortuneofafrica.com/rwanda/pineapple/

https://www.itfnet.org/v1/2011/11/404/

http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/inpho/docs/Post_Harvest_Compendium_-_Pineapple.pdf