Amasoko yemewe n' amategeko

Insobanuro y' amasoko yemewe n' amategeko yerekeye icyiciro cy' abaguzi cyangwa abashobora kugura bakorera mu rusobe rw' ubucuruzi bufite gahunda birangwa n' uburyo bwateguwe mbere bugaragaza inzira zemewe zo kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi. Ibigo na/cyangwa abacuruzi barangura nabo bari muri iki cyiciro cy' ibice cy' amasoko.

3.1 Ibice bigize isoko ryemewe n' amategeko

Isoko ryemewe rikorera mu rwego rw' ibikomoka ku buhinzi, rigizwe n' ibice bitandukanye by' amasoko birimo:

inganda zitunganya ibikomoka ku bihinzi (ibyo kurya by' abantu, ibiryo by' amatungo, n' ibindi bikorerwa mu nganda) Izi ni inganda zihindura kamere y' ibintu mo indi miterere. Zimwe zitunganya umusaruro kugirango ushobore kongererwa agaciro n' izindi nganda mu gihe izindi zihindura rwose umusaruro w' ibanze kugeza ku gicuruzwa gitunganye rwose.  Ku mashyirahamwe y' abahinzi acuruza umusaruro wabo (imbuto z' urusenda, tungurusumu, ingemwe z' ibitunguru, gupfunyika amashu atukura, shufureri, imiteja, bigisarurwa) hari amahirwe menshi yo kubaka uruhererekane rw' ibicuruzwa ku mpande zombi , aha abahinzi bashobora gushyiraho inganda nto zongerera agaciro umusaruro bakagurisha ku nganda nini ibyatangiye guhindurwa. Abahinzi bashobora kandi kugurisha umusarura wabo ku nganda ntacyo bahinduyeho.

Ibigo by' ubucuruzi by' ibikomoka ku buhinzi > ibi bigo bikr aakazi ko kugura umusaruro w' ubuhinzi ku bwinshi kugirango babigurishe ku bandi baguzi harimo n' amasoko yo mu karere n' amasoko mpuzamahanga

• Ibigo (amashuri, amahoteli, ibitaro, imiryango y' abagiraneza, ibigo ngororamuco) bigura umusaruro w' ubuhinzi kugirango bibashe guhaza abo bashinzwe. Ingano y' ibyo bagura mu gihe runaka igenwa n' ubushobozi bafite.
• Abadandaza bemewe (Superimarishe, abacuruza ibiribwa)
• Ibigo bya Leta
• Abohereza ibintu mu mahanga

Abikorwa by' ubucuruzi by' abaguzi bazwi babifashwamo binyuze mu igura n' igurisha bikozwe na kompanyi z' ubucuruzi bagurira abahinzi cyangwa bagahita bagurira amashyirahamwe bafitanye amasezerano, koperative z' ubucuruzi, amatsinda acuruza umusaruro wayo, imiryango n' abahinzi ku giti cyabo

3.2 Amsezerano y' imikoranire n' abaguzi bemewe

Igihe gikwiye: hafi amasaha 2 (harimo iminota 20 y'ikiruhuka)

Ubufatanye ni ugusezerana n' ikigo, uruganda mufitanye umubano mu igura n' igurishwa bigendana no kwiyemeza mu buryo burambye, guhanahana amakuru no gusangira ingorane n' inyungu zikomoka kuri ubwo bufatanye

 Ubufatanye n' umuguzi wemewe ku masoko y' imbere mu gihugu n' ayo mu karere buteza imbere imikorere yuzuye ku birebana no: Kongera ikwirakwiza ry' ibicuruzwa ku isoko; kongera uko ibicuruzwa bihanahanwa hagati y' agace k' ubucuruzi runaka n' abantu b' ingenzi mu by' isoko ndetse no kugabanya imbogamizi binyuze mu kugira amasezerano atandukanye n' ab' ingenzi mu by' amasoko batandukanye.

Imikoranire n' amasoko yemewe ashobora gushishikazwa n' ibicuruzwa by' uburyo butandukanye harimo:

• umusaruro ukiva mu mirima udatunganijwe
• ibicuruzwa byongerereye agaciro umusaruro
• ibicuruzwa byavuye mu nganda
• Serivisi zishyigikira ubucuruzi (ubwikorezi, kugezwaho ibikoresho, serivisi z' imari, gupfunyika)

Abacuruzi bato bagomba gukora uko bashoboye kugirango bashobore kubahiriza ingano n' ubwiza nk' uko bisabwa n' umuguzi cyane cyane ko abaguzi bemewe n' amategeko akenshi baba bafite ibyo basaba byihariye bitaho mbere yo kugura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Kubw' ibyo rero ni ngombwa guha abaturage ubumenyi buhagije mu kugenzura no kubahiriza ubwiza no gushyiraho uburyo mu midugugudu, kugirango hanozwe inyungu zituruka mu gushyira ku isoko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge.

 

Umwitozo wa 2

Akazi kawe ni ugufasha abahugurwa kunguka gusobanukirwa ibiranga amasoko yemewe acururiza mu karere k' ubuhinzi bakoreramo.

Ibyo kwifashisha bikenewe: ikaramu/marikeri, ikibaho cy' impapuro n' amaguru yacyo, impapuro nini zikomeye, udusumari, n' ikibaho kidakomeye (gishobora gupfumurwa)

Igihe gikenewe: iminota 20-30 yo gukorera mu matsinda

                             Iminota 5-10 yo kwerekana ibyavuye mu matsinda no guhuza muri make ibyavuye mu matsinda

Mu matsinda yamaze gukorwa, baza abahugurwa kubona uko bashobora gukorera hamwe kugira ngo bashobore kugeza ku isoko nibura quintari 50 za sezame kuri ECX muburyo buhoraho baramutse ari itsinda ry' abacuruza umusaruro rigizwe n' imiryango 30.

• Ibibazo mvumburamatsiko:

1. Ni ubuhe buziranenge ECX isaba?
2. Ni iki itsinda rigomba gukora kugrango rishyikire ubuziranenge bwihariye busabwa na ECX?
3.  Ni gute bashobora kugera ku ngano y' umusaruro/ibicuruzwa ku buryo buhoraho?

Ureke buri tsinda ryerekane ibyo ryakoze ubundi mu gihe ukora incamake y' ingingo z' ingenzi ugaragaze uko ibyo bakoze bishobora kubageza kuri iyi ntego n' icyo bakosora cyangwa bakongeramo.

 

 

3.3 Inyungu z' ubufatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi

a) Ingamba zo gupiganwa mu bucuruzi: Ibigo birimo birava mu ihangana byerekeza mu guhuza ingufu, amasezerano agamije inyungu/ ubufatanye mu guhuza ingufu kugirango bigere ku ntego yabyo

b) Ubufatanye bwongera imikorere inoze kuri buri rwego rw' uruhererekane nyongeragaciro ku mpande zombi, haba ku bahinzi (Abageza ibicuruzwa ku isoko) no ku baguzi kuko aba ari imikoranire y' igihe kirekire bitandukanye no kuba ubwumvikane bw' umunsi umwe hagati y' umuguzi n' ugurisha

c) kugurira ibicuruzwa ku bahinzi bahingira isoko/amakoperative mu buryo bufite gahunda byerekeza ku mikorere ntamwakemwa mu bucuruzi, kubona ibicuruzwa ku buryo buhoraho ndetse no kugabanya ikiguzi cyijyana no kubona ibicuruzwa nk' ubwikorezi, kubipakira, guhemba abakozi ndetse n' itumanaho

d)ubufatanye mu bucuruzi buzamura imicungire y' uko ibicuruzwa bigera ku muguzi bukanongera ibikorwa by' ubucuruzi muri rusange- iteganyabikorwa, gucunga imari, kugura ibicuruzwa no kubicuruza

 

3.4 Gushaka abaguzi bemewe n' amategeko

Igikorwa mu matsinda Saba abahugurwa gukora urutonde rw' abaguzi bashoboka muri buri gice (CTC, ibigo, inganda zitunganya umusaruro, ibigo bya Leta) bagura ibihingwa by' ingenzi bihingwa mu karere berekana icyo buri muguzi akora n' ubwoko bw' ibicuruzwa bashobora kuzaza bashaka Nyuma y' umwitozo, usuzume urutonde ureba niba ibibazo bikurikira byitaweho bigasubizwa Ukuremo ibigo by' ingenzi, ibigo n' abacuruzi bwo kurebwaho ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye l.Kora urutonderw' abaguzi bashoboka; ni bande? Bakorera hehe? Intego/ ibyo bitaho z' icyo kigo cy' ubucuruzi barazumva? l.Ibyo bigo biri mu bihe bikorwa by' ubucuruzi? Ni iki bashaka kugura? Ni inde bagurishaho? Unvikanisha neza inyungu/ibisubizo ubufatanye buzazanira umuguzi l.Ni ibiki dufite twaha umuguzi? Garagaza uruhare rw' umuguzi l.Ni iki bitezweho kuzakora? l.Garagaza umugambi wo kuzubaka ubufatanye igihe cyose amahirwe azigaragariza

3.5 Intabwe zo kugera ku isoko ryemewe

1. Gushaka, Gushaka, kurangamira no gutoranya

• Kumenya ngo ni inde ngomba gutumbira, kubera iki? Gukora urutonde rw' abaguzi bashoboka
• Gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse no gukusanya amakuru y' ingenzi y' isoko kugirango usobanukirwe icyerekezo cy' uruganda, ni uwuhe muguzi uruganda ruhanzeho amaso;
• Gusobanukirwa ibyo umuguzi ushaka akenera

1. Mbere yo kwegera umuguzi

• Kugira ubunyamuga mu kuganira no kwegera abantu, ku rwego rwo hejuru
• Gusobanukirwa uko ikigo gisanzwe kitwara ku isooko ry' igura n'uburyo bikorwamo
• Kumenya neza ni inde ufata/ugira uruhare rukomeye mu gufata ibyemezo byo kugura
• Guteganya inama yo kwiga uko mwakemura imbogamizi mwamaze kubona n' izindi zishoboka k' ushobora kuba umuguzi
• Gusaba guhura, uha umuguzi guhitamo igihe n' ahantu muzahurira
• kwitegura inama byimbitse

1. Guhura

• kugera aho muhurira ku gihe
• gutega amatwi neza uwo ushobora kuzavamo umuguzi no kumubaza ibibazo bya ngombwa
• Ibyo umubwira n' ibyo umugaragariza (Intumbero y' itsinda ryanyu, bimwe mu byo mukora
• kugaragaza icyo ubufatanye bugamije hakiri kare
• Gukoresha uburyo bugaragaza imiterere, akarusho, inyungu n' agaciro
• Guca akarongo cyane ku nyungu z' umuguzi- inyungu yo gukura ibicuruzwa mu itsinda rifite umurongo ngenderwaho
• kugaragaza no gusobanura ibisabwa n' uwo muguzi n' ibyo ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba byujuje
•  kuganira ku mahirwe y' ubucuruzi ahari
•  kwandika mu buryo bwemewe ibiganiro byose mu gitabo

1. Gukurikirana

• Gusangira mu ncamake n' uwo ushobora kuba umukiriya ibyo mwavuzeho mu nama iheruka;
• Gukurikira kugirango mupange kuzongera guhura
• Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemejwe

1. Gusinya amasezerano

•  Kumvikana ku birebana no kugura- ibiciro, kwishyura n' uburyo ibyaguzwe bimugezwaho;
• Kumvikana ku masezerano y' imikoranire;
• Kugena uruhare rwa buri mufatanyabikorwa;
•  Gusangira imbanzirizamushnga y' amasezerano y' ubufatanye;
• guhuza itsinda ry' abahinzi/borzoi bagurisha/koperative n' umuguzi;
• Gushyiraho ihuriro/urubuga  umuguzi n' umugurisha bashobora guhanahana amakuru ku miterere y' isoko

1. Gucunga amasezerano y' imikoranire mu bucuruzi

• Intego y' amasezeranp y'ubufatanye mu bucuruzi ni uguhindura bakava ku igura n' igurisha
• Gukurikira aho bigeze ukoresheje guhamagara/gusura                       
• Korohereza abahinzi/borzoi gusura umugozi n' umuguzi gusura amatsinda y' abazana umusaruro
• Gufasha mu kunoza no gusinya amasezerano y' ubufatanye

1. Kuvugurura amasezerano no gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa byayo

• Gutuma ihererekanya ry' amakuru rigenda neza hagati y' umuguzi n' amatsinda y' abahinzi/borozi cyangwa amakoperative

 

Imishyikirano ; ikintu cy' ingenzi mu bufatanye mu bucuruzi

 Igihe gikenewe: hafi isaha n' igice harimo iminota 15 y' ikiruhuko

Igikorwa mu itsinda (ikinaruhare) Gabanya abahugurwa mu matsinda ane buri tsinda rihagarariye akarere k' ubucuruzi. Baza buri tsinda kwitoramo babiri (udukomite dushinzwe ubucuruzi) bayihagararira mu nzira y' imishyikirano mu kugeza umusaruro w' imboga n' imbuto ku ruganda ruzitunganya rwa mbere mu karere  Hitamo abantu batatu mu bahugurwa bahagararira komite itanga amasoko muri urwo ruganda rutunganya umusaruro. Reka imishyikirano ikorwe bagenda basimburana buri yose imara iminota 10 hanyuma ubaze abari mumahugurwa kunenga uko byakozwe no kuvuga ingingo zakozwe neza n' izitagenze neza n' inama batanga kugirango imishyikirano n' uburyo bwo kugira ku masezerano bigende neza kurushaho.

 

Ubuhanga bw' ingenzi mu mishyikirano: impande zombi/cyangwa kurenga zikeneye kugera ku bwumvikane ku bireba igura n' igurisha. Imishyikirano inoze igomba kugera ku nyungu za buri ruhande

• Gutegura no guteganya ibikorwa
• Kumenya ibyerekeye n' icyo baganiraho/igicuruzwa; -icyerekezo rusange, aho icyo gicuruzwa cyabonwa, ibiciro, ibihe by' ihinga by' icyo gicuruzwa
• Ubushobozi bwo gutekereza ibisobanutse kandi vuba mu gihe cy' ibyihutirwa cyane cyane kandi ibintu bidasobanutse neza
• Ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye mu magambo
• Ubuhanga mu gutega amatwi, gusesengura, ubunyangamugayo no kwihangana
• Ubushobozi bwo gukurura/ kwemeza abandi

Ibintu bigirwaho imishyikirano: - ibiciro, ubwiza, ingano y' ibigurishwa, uburemere n' ibipimo, gupfunyika, gutoranya no gushyira mu byiciro, uburyo bwo kugeza ibicuruzwa ku muguzi n' uburyo bwo kwishyura.

 

3.7 A Urugero rw' amasezerano y' ubufatanye n' abaguzi bikorera ku giti cyabo

 

Farm Concern international (FCI), ni ikigo nyafurika giteza imbere isoko gikora mu byo guteza imbere amasoko no guhuza ibikorwa by' ubucuruzi hagati y' abahinzi/borozi n' abacuruzi kugirango cyorohereze abakora ubucuruzi mu kugera ku ntumbero n' intego z' imishinga yabo

• Kugabanya ibiguzi by' igura n'igurisha, kuzamura imikorere n' uburyo buhoraho bwo kugemura ibiciro
• Gufasha abafite aho bahuriye n' isoko kubona inyugu nyinshi ishoboka
• Kuzamura ubwitabire bw' abahinzi/borozi mu kwakira uburyo bunoze bwo guhinga no kwita ku bihingwa binyuze mu korohereza imbuga zo kuganiriramo ingano n' ubwiza bisabwa n' abacuruza n' abaguzi

Gushyiraho urubuga abaguzi n' abagurisha baganiriraho  binyuze mu matsinda y' ubucuruzi

 

FCI yagiranye umubano n' ubufatanye na_________________________________________ umucuruzi uranguza cyangwa ikigo cy' ubucuruzi kijyana ibintu mu mahangacyangwa ishyirahamwe ry' abacuruzi batembereza ibicuruzwa no.____________________ mu isoko rya______________ bacuruza __________________

 

Farm Concern international izashishikarira ku;

• Kugeza abaguzi ku mashyirahamwe y' abahinzi kugirango bongere ibicuruzwa, banoze uburyo bwo kubona umusaruro no kugabanya ikiguzi cy' igura n' igurisha
• Gufasha amatsinda y'abahinzi/borozi b' ubushobozi buke gushyiraho no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa byongera umusaruro no kunoza uburyo bageza ibicuruzwa ku isoko
• Gushaka ubufatanye n' ibigo bitandukanye bitanga serivisi zo kujya inama mu bikorwa by' ubucuruzi  no gutanga serivisi abahinzi /borozi bibonamo.
• Gufasha abahinzi n' inzegozitandukanye z' abaguzi kugira urubuga bahuriramo
• Kuzamurira abahinzi ubushobozi bwa tekiniki kugirango babashe guhaza isoko n' ibisabwa n' abaguzi
• Kuzamura ubuhanga mu by' ubucuruzi binyuze mu kubaka ubushobozi bw' umucuruzi
• Gukorera hamwe igenamigambi hamwe n' abafite uruhare rukomeye mu migendekere y' amasoko

 

Abagira uruhare mu migendekere y' isoko bategerezwaho ibi bikurikira:

• Gusangiza amashyirahamwe y' abahinzi/borozi amakuru agezweho y' isoko bagaragaza cyane uko isoko rihagaze
• Guhura kenshi n' abahinzi/borozi b' ubushobozi buke kugirango babagire inama ku birebana n' umusaruro ukenewe, ingano n' ubwiza
• Kuyobora abahinzi/borozi ku byo isoko risaba ku bicuruzwa byatoranijwe
• Kumenyesha FCI icyerekezo cy' isoko n' abahinzi/borozi hagamijwe kuzamura isoko rigenwa n' umusaruro w' ubuhinzi/bworozi
• Gutanga amahugurwa mu rwego rw' ibyo kongerera agairo umusaruro

 

Ndemera gufatanyabikorwa na Farm Concern International

Sinya……………………………………………   Ushinzwe iyo porogaramu, FCI   Itariki ……………………………

Sinya………………………………………………………   Izina ry' umuguzi  n' ikigo akorera   Itariki ……………………………