Gucunga amasoko atanditswe

 

  1. Kubera iki amasoko afitiye umumaro abahinzi
  2. Abahinzi bakora iki ngo babashe kugeza umusaruro wabo w' imboga n' imbuto ku masoko atanditswe
  3. Ni akahe kamaro ko kugira amakuru ku masoko atanditswe ku bahinzi/borozi
  4. Vuga ingamba zigomba gushyrwaho kugirango abahinzi/borzoi babashe kuzuza ibisabwa n' isoko

Amasoko atanditswe (gakondo) yihariye uduce tw' ibyaro n' imijyi muri byinshi mu bihugu biri munsi y' ubutayu bwa sahara, n' u Rwanda rurimo. N' ubwo hatariho amategeko ayagenga, atanga amahirwe menshi ku bahinzi/borozi b' ubushobozi buke binyuze ku bandi babahuza n' isoko. Mu Rwanda, abaguzi bo kuri ayo masoko bagurira abahinzi igice cyinini cy' umusaruro wabo, bakishyura akenshi bakoresheje amafaranga y' amabarano (kashi) kandi inshuro nyinshi akaba aribo bishingira iby' ubwikorezi.

4.1 Ibiranga amasoko atanditswe

Iby' ingenzi biranga amasoko atanditswe ni ibi bikurikira;

  • Atanga amahirwe yo kwinjiza umutungo ku bahinzi/borozi, abarangura n' abadandaza
  • Haba hari abaranguza n' abandandaza b' ingeri/ubushobozi zitandukanye
  • Ntirigira ibitabo by' ubucuruzi, nta mategeko arigenga
  • Rifasha abari mu byaro n' abari mu mijyi
  • Ibicuruzwa akenshi bicururizwa ahatubakiye
  • Acungwa na njyanama y' akarere/umujyi
  • Akenshi hacuruzwa ibintu byinshi bitandukanye

4.2 Ubucuruzi bukomatanyije

Ni igikorwa cyo gusangira umutungo rusange no guhuriza hamwe ubushobozi kugirango itsinda ry' abantu rishobore kugira ubudashyikirwa mu guhaza isoko

Inyungu ziri mu gucururiza hamwe

1. Umutungo rusange

  • Kugura ibikenerwa by' ibanze nk' imbuto, ifumbire byujuje ubuziranenge kandi ku giciro gito
  • Gusangira ikiguzi cy' ibikorwa by' ubucuruzi nk' ubwikorezi, itumanaho, abakozi no gupakira/gupfunyika ibicuruzwa
  • Gusangira ibikoresho rusange nk' ikusanyirizo n' ububiko, ibikoresho byo gutunganya umusaruro n' ubuhunikiro
  • Gusangira inshingano hakurikijwe ubumenyi, ubunararibnye n' ubushobozi
    • Gufasha abanyamuryango kubona inguzanyo binyuze mu buryo bw' ubwishingizi magirirane bugezweho mu rwego rw' ibigo by' imari iciriritse

2. Ubushobozi bwo guhuriza hamwe

  • Ubushobozi bwo guciririkanya ku bikenerwa by' ibanze byujuje ubuziranenge ku giciro gito – amafumbire, ibikoresho byo mu buhinzi, ikoranabuhanga, n' ibindi.
  • Ubushobozi bwo gushaka amasoko harimo ibiciro byiza n' umugabane munini ku isoko
  • Ubushobozi bwo kugurisha byinshi binyuze mu gushyira hamwe no gupanga neza uko umusaroro uboneka
  • Kwigishanya ku ngingo zitandukanye zerekeranye no gucuruza umusaruro

3. Kugeza umusaruro ku isoko rusange

  • Hagomba kubaho ibikenewe ku isoko bigomba kuhagezwa n' itsinda iryo ari ryo ryose ribishoboye
  • Guhuriza hamwe umusaruro kugirango ugezwe ku isoko rusange

4. Ipiganwa

  • Ubushobozi bwo guhorana ibyo gushyira ku isoko ni umusaruro wo kuba ibikorwa byo kubona umusaruro byarapanzwe neza
  • Kugabanya imbogamizi ni ukuvuga igabanuka ry' umusaruro rishobora guturuka ku biza bidateganyijwe n' igenamigambi ritaboneye
  • Ubushobozi bwo kugurisha ku bari hanze y' isoko rusange ndetse no kubaguzi bamwe na bamwe ku kiguzi gito bitewe no gushyirahamwe ibikoresho by' ibanze

 

5. Gushyigikira ipiganwa ry' itsinda

  • Hagomba kubaho inyungu rusange y' itsinda
  • Itsinda rigomba kuba rishyize hamwe
  • Hagomba kubaho inama zihoraho z' igenamigambi
  • Hagomba kubaho iteganyabikorwa rihuriweh na bose- ibikorwa byo kugera ku musaruro, gucuruza, igishoro, gutunganya umusaruro, ubuyobozi
  • Bagomba guhora bashakisha amakuru y' isoko
  • Bagomba kumenya aho isoko ryerekeza no ku biheraho bakamenya uko bajyana naryo

4.3 Uko isoko ritanditswe rikura

 

 

Ibiranga isoko

·Izina, ubwoko n' aho riherereye

·Ubwitabire bw' abagore n' abagabo

·Ibicuruzwa Bihari/bigaragara, isuku n' isukura

·Uburyo bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa hagati mu isoko

·Servisi z' imari zihari (guhererekanya amafaranga kuri telephone/ mobayiro mani, amabanki)

·Ububiko n' ubuhunikiro bihari

 

Kwegera abayobozi 

·Amazina n' aho umuyobozi na komite ncungamutungo babarizwa

·Ab' ingenzi mu bucuruzi (abaranguza, abatwara ibintu, abajenti ba mobayiro mani, amashyirahamwe y' abacuruzi, abazana ibikenerwa mu gupfunyika ibicuruzwa

 

Kugena ingano y'isoko

·Umubare w' abacuruzi (abaranguza n' abadandaza)

·Ibicuruzwa by' ingenzi

·Ibiciro by' ibicuruzwa (igiciro kuri kintu kimwe)

·Ubwinshi bw' ibyacurujwe

 

Kubaka imikoranire myiza n' umuguzi

·kugaragaza inyungu z' abacuruzi

·kwita ku bibazo byabo

·kubasaba kwitabira ihuriro ry' abacuruzi

·gutegura inama y' ihuriro ry'abcuruzi

 

Gukora inama y' abacuruzi

·Kumenyana no kuvuga impamvu z' ihuriro

·Ibiranga ibicuruzwa (ubwiza, ubwinshi)

·Gushyiraho ibiciro, icyerekezo cy' isoko n' uburyo bwo kwishyurana

·Imbogamizi abacuruzi bahura nazo (ubuhunikiro, serivisi z' imari, amakuru ku isoko)

·Amahuriro y' abacuruzi n' inyungu zabo

 

Gukoresha inama y' ubucuruzi mu mudugudu

·Gutegura inama y' ubucuruzi mu mudugudu hamwe n' abacuruzi batoranijwe

·Gushyiraho itariki no kuhereza ubutumire ku bacuruzi no kubacuruzi bo mu mudugudu

·Gukoresha inama z' ubucuruzi mu mudugudu

 

5. Umwanzuro

Serivisi zishyigikira Iterambere ry' isoko ni ingenzi ku mikurire y' amashyirahamwe y' abahinzi. Ariko kandi, hagomba gutezwa imbere uburyo buhuza abahinzi n' isoko no gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku buryo burambye kugirango bizanire inyungu abahinzi ndetse n' utanga serivisi. Itsinda ry' abahinzi rigomba kumenya hakiri kare serivisi bakenera kugirango ibikorwa byabo by' ubuhinzi bigende neza. Amatsinda y' Abahinzi ntagomba gusubiza ibisabwa n' isoko gusa ahubwo bagomba gukora uko bashoboye kose bakabona isoko ryongerera agaciro ubuhinzi bwabo nk' igikorwa cy' ubucuruzi.