IBIPIMO BY'UBUZIRANENGE BW' URUSENDA

1.IRIBURIRO

Ibi bipimo by’ ubuziranenge byashyiriweho gutuma ibigo bikora ubuhinzi bw’ imboga, indabo n’ imbuto byuzuza iby’ ibanze bisabwa ngo bihinduke igice cy’ingenzi ku isoko ryaba  iry' imbere cyangwa hanze y' igihugu.

Ubuziranenge ntabwo burebana gusa n’ inyungu n’ ibihombo cyangwa guhigika abo mupiganwa. Burebana n’ ubuzima bwiza, kubahiriza amasezerano yo kugeza igicuruzwa ku muguzi no kubahiriza ibyifuzo by' ibanze by' umukiriya. Ariko kandi, mu kuzuza ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge, ibigo by’ ubucuruzi bikunze gusarura inyungu ziruseho no kugabanya ibihombo. Ibirenza ibipimo by’ ubuziranenge biba indashyikirwa mu ruhando rw' ibyo bipiganwa kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kunguka n’ ubudahemuka mu baguzi. Aha niho inyungu yo kuzuza ibipimo by' ubuziranenge iherereye

Mu gihe cya none, guharanira ubuziranenge ni ugupima ibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye n' igicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi mbere y' uko kijya ku isoko. Kugenzura ubuziranenge bikorwa n' abagenzuzi, rimwe na rimwe bigenga cyangwa se bo mu kigo imbere, kugirango bapime uburyo bukoreshwa kugirango mu gukora igicuruzwa  no n' uko serivisi zitangwa. Muri iyi nzira, abafashamyumvire b' umudugudu w' ubucuruzi bazafasha mu guhugura no kugenzura umusaruro w' imboga mbere yo kugezwa ku isoko.

Izi nyigisho zizafasha mu kugera kuri ibi bikurikira :

1.Kongerera ubushobozi ibigo by’ ubucuruzi bwo kugemura urusenda rugumana ubuziranenge buhanitse ku isoko, bityo abaguzi banyurwe.

2. Kuzamura ubuziranenge bw’ urusenda bityo bigafasha ibigo by’ ubucuruzi kugabanya ibiguzi by’ inyongera biterwa no kwangwa k’ umusaruro.

Ishusho 1: urusenda, mu isoko rya Nyabugogo, Isoko FCI 2020

 

2. IBIPIMO RUSANGE BY' UBUZIRANENGE BW' URUSENDA RUTOSHYE

 

3. IBIREBWA N' IBI BIPIMO

Ibi bipimo bireba amoko acuruzwa y' urusenda ruhingwa bubarirwa muri 'Capsicum spp', zo mu muryango wa 'Solanase' , zigomba kugezwa ku muguzi zigitoshye, nyuma yo gutagurwa no gupakirwa.Insenda zo gutunganywa mu nganda ntizirebwa n' ibi bipimo.

 

4. GUSHYIRA MU BIKORWA IBI BIPIMO

Intego y' ibi bipimo ni ukugena ubuziranenge busabwa urusenda mu gihe cyo kugurishwa nyuma yo gutegurwa no gupkirwa. Ariko kandi, iyo bikoreshejwe nyuma yo kugurishwa cyangwa nyuma yo koherezwa ku masoko yo hanze, ugereranyije n' ibisabwa n' ibipimo, ibicuruzwa bishobora kugaragaza ; i) kugabanuka gato k' ubutohe no gutakaza amazi gato, ii) ku bicuruzwa byashyizwe mu bindi byiciro uretse icyiciro 'gihanitse', kwangirika gahoro bitewe no gukura no kwenda kubora. Nyirumusaruro/umucuruzi ashobora kutagaragaza ibyo bicuruzwa cyangwa kubigurisha, cyangwa kubitanga cyangwa ku bicuruza mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose butari ubujyanye n' ibi bipimo. Nyirumusaruro/umucuruzi niwe ugomba kwita ko igicuruzwa cyuzuza ibipimo bisabwa.

5. AMAGAMBO AKORESHWA N' IBISOBANURO BYAYO

  1.  Uburebure intera ndende kurusha ahandi iri hagati y' umutwe kugeza ku mpera y' umuteja
  2. Kwangirika : gukomereka uko ari ko kose, inenge zatewe n' udusimba duto, indwara cyangwa ubundi buryo bwose bwakangiza ishusho rusange cyangwa ubuziranenge bw' insenda
  3. Zidafite ishusho nziza: insenda zose ziteye nabi cyangwa zahombanye zikagira ishushoitandukanye n' isanzwe

 

6. IBISABWA UBUZIRANENGE

Mu byiciro byose, hitawe ku mabwiriza yhariye areba buri cyiciro no kwihanganirwa kwemewe, urusenda rugomba kuba:

  • uruti ry' umuteja rushobora kubura, gusa aho wacikiye hagomba kuba hasukuye kandi uruhu rufatiyeho rutangiritse;
  • ruzima, umusaruro watangiye kubora cyangwa kwangirika byauma utaba ukwiriye kuribwa n' abantu ugomba gutabwa;
  • rukomeye (rutadegadega)
  • rusukuye, rutarangwamo ikindi kintu kitari urusenda
  • rutarangwaho kwangizwa n' ibyonnyi cyangwa indwara bigira ingaruka ku ishusho rusange y' igicuruzwa
  • zitarangwaho gutota guturutse inyuma uretse amazi agaragara bikurikira gukurwa mu cyumba gikonjesha
  • Zitangwamo impumuro cyangwa icyangwa kidasanzwe;
  • Zitarangwaho kwangirika kwaterwa n' ubushyuh bucye cyane cyangwa bwinshi cyane

Urusenda rugomba gusarurwa rugeze ku kigero gikwiye cy' ubukure bihuje n' ibigenderwaho byihariye kuri buri bwoko n' ahantu zahinzwe. Gukura n' imiterere y' urusenda bigomba kuba biri ku buryo zishobora:

  • Kwihanganra gutwarwa no kwitabwaho no
  • kugera aho zoherejwe zikimeze neza

 

a)GUSHYIRWA MU BYICIRO

Urusenda rushyirwa mu byiciro bitatu bisobanuwe hasi aha:

·ICYICIRO GIHANITSE

''ICYICIRO GIHANITSE" insenda zo muri iki cyiciro zigomba kuba zifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru. Zigomba kuba zujuje ibiranga ubwo bwoko. Ntizigimba kurangwaho inenge, uretse gusa utunenge duto tw' inyuma dufashe ubuso butarenze 0.5% by' ubuso bwose, gusa utu tunenge ntitugomba kubangamira ishusho rusange y' umusaruro, ubuziranenge, kugumana ubuziranenge n' uko igicuruzwa kigaragara mu ipaki.

·ICYICIRO CYA I

Insenda zo muri iki cyiciro zigomba kuba zuzuje ubuziranenge. Zigomba zuzuje ibiranga ubwoko. Utunenge duto, ariko, dushobora kwemerwa, tutarengeje ubuso bwa 2.0% by' ubuso bwose bw' urusenda, gusa ntizigomba kuba zibangamira ishusho rusange ry' igicuruzwa, ubuziranenge, kugumana ubuziranenge n' uko zigaragara mu ipaki.

 

·ICYICIRO CYA II

Iki cyiciro kirimo insenda zose zitujuje ibisabwa ngo zijye mu biciro byo hejuru, ariko zuzuje ibisabwa by' ibanze byagaragajwe mu gika 2.1 hejuru. Inenge, ariko, zishobora kwemerwa, zitarengeje ubuso bwa 3.0% by' ubuso bwose bw' urusenda, gusa urusenda rugomba kugumana ibiruranga byerekeye ubuziranenge, kugumana ubuziranenge n' isshusho rusange.

 

b)AMABWIRIZA AREBANA N" INGANO

Ingano igenwa n' uburebure bw' urusenda nk' uko bigaragazwa muri iyi mbonerahamwe ikurikira:

Kodi y' ingano

uburebure (muri centimeter)

1

≤4

2

4 <8

3

8 <12

4

12<16

5

>16

 

c) AMABWIRIZA AREBANA N' IBYIHANGANIRWA

Ibyihanganirwa birebena n' ubuziranenge n' ingano zakemerwa muri buri paki  kuri buri rusenda rutujuje ibisabwa mu cyiciro cyagaragajwe.

A. Ibyihanganirwa byerekeye ubuziranenge

·ICYICIRO GIHANITSE

Gatanu kuijana by' umubare cyangwa uburemere bw' insenda zitujuje ibisabwa iki cyiciro, ariko zujuje ibisabwa mu cyiciro cya I, cyangwa, ku buryo budasanzwe, biri mu kigero cy' ibyihanganirwa byo muri iki cyiciro.

 

·ICYICIRO CYA I

Icumi ku ijana by' umubare cyangwa uburemere bw' insenda zitujuje ibisabwa iki cyiciro ariko byujuje ibisabwa icyiciro cya II, cyangwa, ku buryo budasanzwe, biri mu mu kigero cy' ibyhanagnirwa muri iki cyiciro.

·ICYICIRO CYA II

Icumi ku ijana by' umubare cyangwa uburemere bw' insenda zitujuje ibisabwa iki cyiciro ntibinuzuze ibisabwa by' ibanze , hakuwemo insenda zafashwe no kubora cyangwa ukundi kwangirika kose bituma urusenda rutaba rukwiye kuribwa.

B. Ibyihanganirwa ku ngano

Mu byiciro byose, 10% by' umubare cyangwa uburemere bw' insenda bihuye n' ingano twavuze haruguru na /cyangwa munsi igaragajwe ku ipaki

d)AMABWIRIZA AREBANA NO KUGARAGAZWA

I.GUSA ZOSE

Ibiri muri buri paki bigomba kuba bisa byose kandi birimo urusenda rukomoka ahantu hamwe, zihuje ubuziranenge, ingano n'ubwoko. Igice kigaragara cy' ibiri mu ipaki kigomba kuba gihagarariye ibiri mu ipaki byose.

 

II.GUPAKIRA

Insenda zigomba gupakirwa mu buryo burinda neza igicuruzwa. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa imbere mu ipaki bigomba kuba bishya, bisukuye, kandi byujuje ubuziranenge ku buryo burinda urusenda kwangirika kw' imbere cyangwa kw' inyuma .gukoresha ibikoresho, by' umwihariko ibikoze mu mpapuro cyangwa  biriho kashe igaragaza ibiranga umucuruzi biremewe, gusa gucapwa cyangwa gushyiraho ibibiranga byakozwe na wino cyangwa kole bitangiza ubuzima. Insenda zigomba gupakirwa muri buri kintu hubahirijwe amabwiriza mpuzamahanga arebana na kodi y' imikorere arebana no gupakira no gutwara imboga n' imbuto mbisi.

 

e)AMABWIRIZA AREBANA NO KURANGA

Amapaki y' abaguzi

Hejuru y' ibisabwa n' ibipimo rusange bya Codex mu kuranga ibiribwa byashyizwe mu mapaki (CODEX STAN 1/1985), amabwiriza yihariye akurikira arubahirizwa:

 

Imiterere y' igicuruzwa

Niba igicuruzwa kiatagaragarira inyuma, buri paki igomba gushyirwaho ikirango kigaragaza izina ry' igicuruzwa n' ubwoko kandi bishobora gushyirwaho ikirango cy' ikigero cy' ubusharire/ubukarihe.

 

Inkomoko y' igicuruzwa

Igihugu zaturutsemo, na, ku bushake, akarere zahinzwemo, cyangwa mu gihugu, mu karere cyangwa izina ry' ahantu runaka

 

 Ibirango by' ubucuruzi

  • cyiciro
  • ingano
  • ubwoko
  • ubusharire/ubukarihe

E. Ikirango cy'igenzurwa ry'urwego rubifitiye ububasha (ku bushake)

7.UMWANZURO

Kubahiriza ubuziranenge bifasha ikigo cy' ubucuruzi kubahiriza ibisabwa n' ibytezwe n' abakiriya. Ubuziranenge bwo hejuru bwubaka ikizere mu bakiriya, bityo, bigatuma, ikigo cy; ubucuruzi gishobora guhangana ku isoko. Igabanya ibiguzi kandi igakemura imbogamizi mbere y' uko ibibazo bikura, kandi bifasha gushyiraho no kugumana ibipimo by' ubuziranenge kubera kwirinda gutangirana ibibazo. Gushora imari mu kubahiriza ibipimo by' ubuziranenge ni ingenzi  mu bigo byinshi by' ubucuruzi mu gihe cya none. Bigira akamaro cyane iyo bishyizwe mu bikorwa kuva mu itangira. Iyo kubahiriza ubuziranenge bikozwe neza, bireme icyizere, bukagenzura ibicuruzwa kandi bigatuma ibigo by' ubucuruzi bikorana impungenge nkeya.

Izi nyigisho zizafasha abahinzi kugira ubumenyi ku buziraneneg n' ibpimo bisabwa mu gutunganya no gupakir urusenda kugirango bubahirize ibyo isoko risaba, bityo bongere ibyo binjiza.